طَـبيب || الدفعـة 6

Because the volume of the systemic circulation is about ......... times that of the pulmonary system, a shift of blood from one system to the other affects the pulmonary system greatly but usually has only mild systemic circulatory effects

Loss of blood from the systemic circulation by hemorrhage Can be partly compensated for by the automatic shift of blood from the lungs into the systemic ..........

Cellular respiration Oxidative Phosphorylation: Produces ATP from .............., oxygen, and H+

Cellular respiration Glycolysis: Breakdown of ..........into .........., ATP, H2O, and heat

Gas exchange occurs in the .............. so that oxygen is loaded into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is unloaded from the bloodstream

Type 2 cells Thicker cells containing numerous lamellar inclusion bodies, produce surfactant

Expiration Passive process, external intercostal muscles relax, ribs and sternum sink downwards and inward, diaphragm relaxes, thoracic capacity decreases, intrapleural pressure increases, ............. flows out of lungs

Inspiration Active process, external intercostal muscles contract, ribs and sternum move upwards and outwards, diaphragm contracts, thoracic capacity increases, intrapleural pressure .............., lungs expand

Internal respiration Gas exchange between the ........... (systemic capillaries) and the interstitial fluid

Type 2 cells Thicker cells containing numerous lamellar inclusion bodies, produce surfactant

Type 1 cells ......... cells with large cytoplasmic extensions, primary cells of the alveoli covering approximately 95% of the alveolar epithelial surface area

Respiratory center Located in the medulla oblongata and pons of the brain stem, includes the dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group, and pneumotaxic center

Voluntary control of respiration Located in the ............, sends impulses to the respiratory motor neurons via the corticospinal tract

Expiratory reserve volume The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration, about 1100ml