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Units & Dimensions Some Important Physical Constants • Velocity of light in vacuum (c) = 3 × 108 ms-1 • Velocity of sound in air at STP = 331 ms-1 • Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 ms-2 • Avogadro number (N) = 6.023 × 1023/mol • Density of water at 4oC = 1000 kgm-3 or 1 g/cc. • Absolute zero = -273.15oC or 0 K • Atomic mass unit = 1.66 × 10-27 kg • Quantum of charge (e) = 1.602 × 10-19 C • Stefan’s constant = 5.67 × 10–8 W/m2/K4 • Boltzmann’s constant (K) = 1.381 × 10-23  • JK-1One atmosphere = 76 cm • Hg = 1.013 × 105 Pa • Mechanical equivalent of heat (J) = 4.186 J/cal • Planck’s constant (h) = 6.626 × 10-34 Js • Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/mol–K • Permeability of free space (μ0) = 4π × 10-7 Hm-1 • Permittivity of free space (ε0) = 8.854 × 10-12 Fm-1 • The density of air at S.T.P. = 1.293 kg m-3 • Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2kg-2

🛑🛑𝘋𝘐𝘚𝘖𝘙𝘋𝘌𝘙𝘚 𝘖𝘍 𝘋𝘐𝘎𝘌𝘚𝘛𝘐𝘝𝘌 𝘚𝘠𝘚𝘛𝘌𝘔 ➪ The inflammation of intestinal tract is the most common ailment due to bacterial or viral infections. The infections are also caused by them parasites of the intestine like_ tapeworm, roundworm, hookworm, pinworm etc. (1) 𝖩𝖠𝖴𝖭𝖣𝖨𝖢𝖤 - The liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to deposit of bile pigments. (2) 𝖣𝖨𝖠𝖱𝖱𝖧𝖮𝖤𝖠 - The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea. (3) 𝖢𝖮𝖭𝖲𝖳𝖨𝖯𝖠𝖳𝖨𝖮𝖭 - In constipation, the faeces are retained within the colon as the bowel movement occur irregularly. Prolong constipation lead to hemorrhoid. (4) 𝖵𝖮𝖬𝖨𝖳𝖨𝖭𝖦 - It is the ejection of stomach content through the mouth. This reflex action is controlled by the vomit center in the medulla. A feeling of nausea precedes vomiting. (5) 𝖨𝖭𝖣𝖨𝖦𝖤𝖲𝖳𝖨𝖮𝖭 - In the condition, The food is not properly digested leading to a feeling of fullness. The cause of indigestion are inadequate enzyme secretion, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating and spicy food. (6) 𝖯𝖴𝖱𝖦𝖠𝖳𝖨𝖵𝖤𝖲 - Mg ions containing purgatives stimulate intestinal peristalsis and evacuation of fluid faeces. ⚡ SHOW SOME LOVE FOR MORE SUCH CONTENT 🥰

✅✅POST FERTILISATION EVENTS ★Events in the sexual reproduction after formation of zygote. ★Zygote is the vital link that ensures continuity of species between organisms of one generation and the next. ★Every sexually reproducing organism, including human beings begin life as a single cell–the zygote. ★ In the organisms, having external fertilisation, zygote is formed in external medium (water) and those having internal fertilisation zygote is formed inside the body of female. ★ In algae and fungi, zygote develops a thick wall resistant to desiccation and damage. ★This germinates after a period of rest. ★ In the organisms having haplontic life cycle, zygote divides to form haploid spores that germinate to form haploid individual

Important terms in Biology for NEET l ➖ DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information. ➖ RNA: Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. ➖ Protein: A macromolecule made up of amino acids that carries out a variety of functions in the cell. ➖ Enzyme: A type of protein that catalyzes chemical reactions in the cell. ➖ Cell membrane: The thin, flexible layer that surrounds all cells and regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. ➖ Mitosis: The process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. ➖ Meiosis: The process by which cells divide to produce gametes (sperm and eggs), each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. ➖ Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait. ➖ Allele: One of two or more alternative forms of a gene. ➖ Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can result in altered gene function or the creation of new alleles. ➖ Natural selection: The process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the evolution of populations over time. ➖ Adaptation: A trait or characteristic that increases an organism's fitness in its environment. ➖ Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants convert sunlight into energy in the form of organic compounds. ➖ Cellular respiration: The process by which cells convert organic compounds into energy in the form of ATP. ➖ Ecosystem: A community of living and non-living things that interact with each other and their environment. ➖ Homeostasis: The ability of organisms to maintain a stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions. ➖ Evolution: The process by which species change over time as a result of genetic variation and natural selection. ➖ Ecology: The study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment. ➖ Biotechnology: The use of living organisms or their products to develop new products or processes. ➖ Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. ➖ Chromosome: A structure made of DNA and protein that carries genetic information. ➖ Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance inside a cell that contains organelles and other cell components. ➖ Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function. ➖ Nucleus: The control center of a cell that contains the cell's DNA. ➖ Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis in a cell. ➖ Mitochondria: The organelles responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration. ➖ Chloroplast: The organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. ➖ Cytoskeleton: The network of protein filaments that give a cell its shape and allow for movement. ➖ Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes in the cytoplasm that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. ➖ Golgi apparatus: An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or transport. ➖ Lysosome: An organelle that contains enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste. ➖ Vacuole: A membrane-bound organelle that stores materials such as water, nutrients, and waste products. ➖ ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that carries energy within cells. ➖ Aerobic respiration: The process of producing ATP in the presence of oxygen. ➖ Anaerobic respiration: The process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

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