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💢 خبر عاجل : في هذا الشهر الفضيل ، وفي هذه الإيام المباركة ... وفي هذه العشر الأواخر، عشر العتق من النار ... قرر زميلنا ان يعتق نفسه من العزوبية ويرحم نفسه من المذاكرة 😹 ... وان يكون هذا الشهر الأخير في تاريخ عزوبيته ... ليفتح تاريخاً جديداً وحافلاً بأذن الله ...❤️🔥 - نبارك ونهنى لزميلنا الغالي الدكتور / مازن القيني بمناسبة قرب الزفاف ودخوله القفص الذهبي 😍🔥 💢 المهم الدعوة عامة ، ولقينا لكم مكان للتمشية في العيد احجزوا التذاكر من ذلحين 👍😉 #وحقك_يامازن 🔥🔥🔥🔥

مقارنة من كلام الدكتور على glomerulonephritis ( MCQs😊) #renal #د_عقبة #ملخص

💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢💢 إضافات محاضرة د. أمين عقبة                     Renal Pathology 〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰                      Glomerulonephritis (GN) ⚜ Characterized by production of Abs against Ags. Here we have 3 types of antigens:          1- Circulated Ags. (Found in blood circulation).          2- Ag within glomeruli (called normal Ag or intrinsic Ag).          3- Planted Ag (coming from blood and planted in the glomerular basement membrane). ⚜ Glomerular injury is mediated by type 3 HSR through activation of complement system especially C3a & C5a. ⚜ Deposition of proteins in glomeruli is happened and also used for diagnosis by EM & IF. ⚜ Types of glomerulonephritis:    1- Primary: involvement of only kidney, not associated with other systemic disorders.    2- Secondary (secondary to other diseases): involvement of the kidney and associated with other systemic disorders such as D.M. ⚜ Diagnosis of GN:    1- Clinical manifestation:        Edema, hypertension        Hematuria (appear as Cola-like color urine)        Proteinuria (appear as foam).    2- Laboratory investigation:         - Urine test (hematuria and proteinuria)         - Blood test (hypoalbuminemia & azotemia)    3- Light microscopy (to indicate the histological picture)    4- Electron microscopy (to indicate the site of immunocomplex deposition)    5- Immunofluorescent (to indicate the type of immunoglobulin). ⚜ Most important syndromes of GN are:   - Nephrotic syndrome.       - Nephritic syndrome. ⚜ Questions: 1- Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by: - mild proteinuria - massive proteinuria. ✅ - hematuria - hypertension 2- Type of GN in which Nephrotic syndrome is more common is: - Minimal change disease.  ✅ - Acute postinfectious GN - Rapidly progressive GN 3- Which syndrome is characterized by generalized edema? Nephrotic syndrome 4- Which syndrome is characterized by hematuria? Nephritic syndrome 5- Which syndrome is characterized by hypertension? Nephritic syndrome 6- What is the Immunofluorescent study for acute postinfectious GN? Positive IgM & IgG. 7- Which types of GN are negative immunocomplex deposition? Rapidly progressive GN Minimal change disease Focal segmental GN 8- Which type of GN is characterized by crescent formation? Rapidly progressive GN 9- What is the main histological picture of membranoproliferative GN? Lobular architecture 10- Which type of GN is characterized by progression to acute renal failure? Rapidly progressive GN 11- Which type of GN is characterized by complete recovery? Acute postinfectious GN Minimal change disease 12- Focal segmental GN, why it's called segmental and why it's called focal? Focal ---> because of involvement of some glomeruli Segmental --> because of involvement of only a part of glomerular tuft. ⚜ Notes:    1- All types of GN are mild bilateral enlargement of kidney except minimal change disease which is with unremarkable changes.    2- All types of GN are with enlargement of glomeruli except minimal change disease which is with normal glomeruli and focal segmental GN which is with sclerosis of glomeruli. 3- المقارنة التي في هذا الجدول مهمة جداً ركزوا عليها

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