Ayurveda Notes BAMS

*Which of the following is not a refractive error?* A)Myopia B)Presbyopia C)Hypermetropia D)Astigmatism ANS : Presbyopia *Presbyopia is not classified as a refractive error because it is fundamentally different in cause and nature.* *Cause* : -Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) occur due to imperfections in the shape of the cornea, lens, or the length of the eyeball, causing light to focus improperly on the retina. -Presbyopia is an age-related condition caused by the gradual loss of elasticity in the lens and weakening of the ciliary muscles, reducing the lens's ability to change shape and focus on near objects. *Nature* : -Refractive errors are typically present from birth or develop during growth and are often static or change gradually over time. -Presbyopia is a natural part of aging, generally affecting individuals after the age of 40, regardless of their pre-existing refractive status. *Correction*: -Refractive errors are corrected by adjusting how light is focused on the retina using glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. -Presbyopia is corrected using multifocal lenses, bifocals, or reading glasses that compensate for the lens's inability to focus on close objects, not by altering the eye's focusing power permanently. Note⚡ _Thus, presbyopia is a physiological condition due to aging, not a structural error in the refractive system of the eye_ .

Important topic of Anatomy 💜 EMBRYOLOGY ~ Definition and branches of embryology ~ Embryo and Foetus ~ Sperm and Ovum ~ Fertilisation and Clevage ~ Germ layer formation and their derivatives ~ Month wise development of embryo ~ Fetal circulation ~ Placenta formation ~ Umbilical cord Formation OSTEOLOGY ☠️ Structures ,types and ossifications Upper limb bones :- 🦴Clavicle 🦴Scapula 🦴 Humerus 🦴Radius 🦴Ulna Lower limb bones :- 🦴 Hipbone(short notes on ileum ischium pubis) 🦴 Femur 🦴Short note on Tarsal , Calcaneus SKULL BONE Temporal bone Parietal bone Occipital bone THORAX REGION Rib cage Sternum With their clinical aspects ARTHROLOGY Jonits :- types structures movements Shoulder joint Elbow joint Hip joint Knee joint Temporomandibular joint NERVOUS SYSTEM 🧠 √Introduction and classification of nervous system √ Meninges √Discription of Brain 🧠 and Spinal cord √Cranial nerve and Spinal nerve √Brachial plexus(most imp.), lumber plexus, cervical plexus, sacral plexus √Formation and Circulation of CSF √Blood supply of Brain ENDOCRINOLOGY✍🏻 Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Suprarenal gland with clinical aspects RESPIRATORY SYSTEM🫁 Bronchial tree and Lung Respiratory tract:- Larynx Trachea Pharynx Pleura with its clinical aspects Diaphragm with their clinical aspects DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ❔ ~ Region of abdomen ~ Stomach ~ Small intestine ~ Duodenum (imp.) ~ Jejunum and Ileum ~ Large intestine ~ Caecum ~ Colon ~ Appendix ~ Liver ~ Pancreas ~ Spleen ~ Peritoneum with their clinical aspects CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 🫀 Heart Right and Left atrium Right and Left ventricle Pericardium with their clinical aspects URINARY SYSTEM Kidney(most imp.) Ureter Urinary bladder (most imp.) Urethra (male & female both) with their clinical aspects SENSORY SYSTEM 👀Eye(most imp.) 👂🏻Ear(most imp.) 👃🏻Nose 👅Tongue 🖐🏻Skin with their clinical aspects This will be very helpful for you people for examination purpose. 😊😊 For more information join :- https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaieI1FBqbr77uDxTi2P

.........।।श्री गणेशाय नमः।।........ ।। ऊँ नमः शिवाय।। ।।श्री धनवंतरी नमः ।। ।।जय महावीर जी जय जिन्नेद्र।। *धनतेरस की शुभकामना* धनतेरस का आयुर्वेद में महत्व धनतेरस यह पर्व कार्तिक मास कृष्ण पक्ष की त्रयोदशी तिथि पर मनाया जाता है। धनतेरस, हिंदू धर्म का एक महत्वपूर्ण त्योहार, आयुर्वेद में भी विशेष स्थान रखता है: १. *धनवंतरी* : धनतेरस भगवान धनवंतरी के प्राकट्य उत्सव के रूप में मनाया जाता है, जो स्वास्थ्य और औषध के देवता हैं। २. *स्वास्थ्य और धन* : धनतेरस दिवाली का शुभारंभ करता है, जो प्रकाश का अंधकार पर, अच्छाई का बुराई पर और स्वास्थ्य का रोग पर विजय का प्रतीक है। ३. *शारीरिक और मानसिक शुद्धि* : यह त्योहार शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक शुद्धि का संदेश देता है। ४. *ऋतु परिवर्तन* : धनतेरस शरद ऋतु में पड़ता है, जब पित्त से वात की प्रभावशीलता बदल रही होती है। यह शोधन ऋतू है। इस ऋतू में किया गया पंचकर्म प्रकुपित दोष का शमन कर के सम अवस्था प्रदान करता है।

Lower motor neuron (LMN) palsy Flaccidity (hypotonia) Fasciculation Flexor plantar Individual muscle paralysis Degeneration reaction Atrophy (wasting) is marked (cardinal feature) Upper motor neuron (UMN) palsy Extensor plantar Clonus Clasp knife spasticity (hypertonia) Group of muscles affected Note: Loss of superficial reflexes are found in both UMN and LMN.