Class-10 Handwritten Notes Pdf

“जीवन में दो मूल विकल्प होते हैं: स्थितियों को उसी रूप में स्वीकार करना जैसी वे हैं, या उन्हें बदलने का उत्तरदायित्व स्वीकार करना।” - डेनिस वेटले “There are two primary choices in life: to accept conditions as they exist, or accept the responsibility for changing them.” - Denis Waitley

“सभी से प्रेम करें, कुछ पर विश्वास करें और किसी के साथ भी गलत न करें।” - विलियम शेक्सपियर “Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.” - William Shakespeare

Question 1. Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called the (a) Indian Tamils (b) Muslim Tamils (c) Sri Lankan Tamils (d) Christian Tamils Answer: (c) Sri Lankan Tamils Question 2. The term Eelam stands for (a) government (b) state (c) country (d) political party Answer: (b) state Question 3. Division of powers between higher and lower levels of government is called (a) horizontal division (b) parallel division (c) vertical division (d) none of the above Answer: (c) vertical division Question 4. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium? (a) French and English (b) Dutch and Sinhala (c) French and Sinhala (d) Dutch and French. Answer: (d) Dutch and French. Question 5. Brussels is the capital of (a) Belgium (b) the Netherland (c) Sri Lanka (d) West Indies Answer: (a) Belgium Question 6. A system of ‘checks and balances’ is another name for which one of the following power-sharing arrangements: (a) Power sharing among different social groups. (b) Vertical division of power or power shared among different levels of government. (c) Horizontal division of power or power shared among different organs of the government. (d) Power sharing in the form of political parties, pressure groups and governments. Answer: (c) Horizontal division of power or power shared among different organs of the government. Question 7. How many times was the Constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993? (a) Two times (b) Three times (c) Five times (d) Four times Answer: (d) Four times Explanation: Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. Question 8. Which of the following is not one of the three organs of government powers are shared? (a) Legislature (b) Bureaucracy (c) Executive (d) Judiciary Answer: (b) Bureaucracy Explanation: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Question 9. Which language was declared as the only official language of Sri Lanka by an Act passed in 1956? (a) Tamil (b) Sinhala (c) Hindi (d) English Answer: (b) Sinhala Explanation: In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. Question 10 Which language is spoken by the majority of Belgians? (a) German (b) French (c) Dutch (d) English Answer: (c) Dutch Explanation: Of the Belgian’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.

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1.Promising(Adj.)-favourable,hopeful(आशा जनक) e.g.-They won the award for the most promising new band of the year. 2.Gig worker(N.)-a person who does temporary or freelance work, especially an independent contractor engaged on an informal or on-demand basis. e.g.-Gig workers are mostly working on a part-time basis as a way to earn supplementary income. 3.Go without saying(Phrase)-to be clear, so that you do not need to say it बात का खुद स्‍पष्‍ट होना (कि कुछ कहना ही न पड़े) e.g.-It goes without saying that the children will be well looked after at all times. 4.Moonlight(N.)-have a second job, typically secretly and at night, in addition to one's regular employment(दूसरी नौकरी) e.g.-He had been moonlighting for a rival tabloid. 5.Fledgling(Adj.)-new,beginning,emerging(नया) e.g.-The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses. 6.Envisage(V.)-foresee,anticipate,foretell,imagine(कल्पना करना) e.g.-I don’t envisage any problems with this. 7.Grievance(N.)-complaint,gripe (शिकायत) e.g.-They felt they had a legitimate grievance. 8.Corpus(N.)-collection,treasury(कोष) e.g.-His latest album is a compilation of his jazz works over the past decade. 9.Pioneer(N.)-originator or developer of something new(किसी नई चीज की शुरुआत करने वाला) e.g.-Yuri Gagarin was one of the pioneers of space exploration. 10.Take off(Phrasal verb)-to suddenly become successful (अचानक सफल होना) e.g.-They need to include more people if the scheme's going to really take off. 11.Compel(V.)-impel,force(मजबूर करना) e.g.-I felt compelled to tell her what I really thought of her.

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1.Yield(V.)-capitulate,surrender (आत्मसमर्पण करना) 2.Rebellion(N.)-uprising,revolt,insurrection,mutiny(बगावत,विद्रोह) 3.Turn out(Phrasal verb)-transpire,develop(घटित होना) 4.Grip(N.)-control,hold(पकड़) 5.Consensus(N.)-agreement,concord(सहमति) 6.Rekindle(V.)-revivify,reactivate(फिर से सक्रिय होना) 7.Ratchet up(Phrasal verb)-increase,hike(बढ़ाना) 8.Seasoned(Adj.)-experienced,skilful(अनुभवी, कुशल) 9.Astute(Adj.)-crafty,cunning,intelligent,clever(चतुर) 10.Ear to the ground(Phrase)-be well informed about events and trends(घटनाओं की जानकारी रखने वाला) 11.Seemingly(Adv.)-apparently,on the face of it(ऊपरी तौर पर) 12.Compassionate(Adj.)-sympathetic,merciful,kind(सहानुभूति पूर्ण) 13.At the eleventh hour(Phrase)-the last moment(अंतिम क्षण) 14.Hustings(N.)-the political activities and speeches that happen before an election and are intended to win votes 15.Effect(V.)-carry out,bring about,cause to take place(किसी चीज के घटित होने का कारण बनना) 16.On the eve of (Phrase)-just prior to(ठीक पहले) 17.Put one's house in order (Phrase)-make necessary reforms(आवश्यक सुधार करना) 18.Reorient(V.)-change the focus or direction of(ध्यान या दिशा बदलना) 19.Sagacity(N.)-wisdom,intelligence (बुद्धिमता) 20.Prompt(V.)-cause,bring about,give rise to(कारण बनना) 21.Overplay one's hand(Phrase)-to spoil your chance of success by saying or doing too much(कुछ ज्यादा बोल कर या करके सफलता के अवसरों को बर्बाद कर लेना)

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1.Rule sth with an iron hand(Phrase)-To rule firmly(दृढ़ता से शासन करना) 2.Indiscriminate(Adj.)-careless,aimless,desultory(अंधाधुंध) 3.Topple(V.)-to cause a leader of a country, etc. to lose his/her position of power or authority (किसी देश के नेता को सत्ता या अधिकार के पद से हटा देना) 4.Uprising(N.)-rebillion,revolt, insurrection (बगावत) 5.Monstrous(Adj.)-evil,fiendish,atrocious(दैत्यनुमा) 6.Outlast(V.)-to last longer than(ज्यादा लंबे समय तक टिकना) 7.Break out(Phrasal verb)-to begin or arise suddenly(अचानक शुरू होना) 8.Truce(N.)-ceasefire,armistice(युद्ध विराम) 9.Bring someone to justice(Phrase)-arrest someone for a crime and ensure that they are tried in court(सजा दिलाना) 10.Oust(V.)-expel,drive out,force out(बाहर निकालना) 11.Integration(N.)-unification,incorporation,merger(विलय) 12.Clout(N.)-influence,sway(प्रभाव) 13.Scant(Adj.)-little,no(ना के बराबर) 14.Rocket(V.)-shoot up,soar,escalate(बढ़ना) 15.Atrocity(N.)-cruelty,brutality(निर्दयता) 16.Tread(V.)-walk(चलना)

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