🧿 Sociology UPSC Optional 🧿

Sociology of web development Bruno Latour – Actor-Network Theory (ANT) Core idea: Humans and non-humans (technology, code, websites) interact to form networks. Web development lens: Websites, APIs, databases, and users form actor-networks. Social outcomes (trends, virality, ecommerce success) result from interactions of these actors. Insight: A web developer is part of a network including servers, users, algorithms, and content. 📌 Example: A website goes viral due to a combination of design, SEO, social sharing, and user engagement — all networked. www.vipulpore.com Howard Rheingold – Virtual Communities Core idea: Digital networks create new forms of social life. Web development lens: Forums, social media, and collaborative platforms foster virtual communities. Developers enable or constrain the norms and interactions of these communities. www.vipulpore.com

1.Richard Sennett – The Fall of Public Man & E-Commerce Relevance to E-Commerce: Sennett’s work on the decline of public life and the fragmentation of community in modern society can be linked to the way e-commerce has changed how we interact socially. While e-commerce platforms allow for convenience, they also contribute to a decline in public, face-to-face commerce interactions and a weakening of local communities. The virtual space often replaces the physical, making people feel more isolated despite being constantly connected. Key idea: The alienation and fragmentation of social connections in an increasingly digital world driven by e-commerce. 2.Nick Srnicek – Platform Capitalism Perspective: Digital platforms dominate modern capitalism. In e-commerce: Amazon, Shopify, Flipkart act as market controllers, not just sellers. Key idea: Data extraction and monopoly power. 3.Christian Fuchs – Digital Labor Perspective: Users and workers create value without fair compensation. In e-commerce: Reviews, clicks, browsing data = unpaid labor. Key idea: Exploitation in digital capitalism. 4. Henry Jenkins – Participatory Culture Perspective: Consumers actively shape culture. In e-commerce: User reviews, unboxing videos, product ratings influence sales. Key idea: Consumers as co-creators, not passive buyers. 5.Rosa Luxemburg – Capital Expansion Perspective: Capitalism constantly expands into new areas. In e-commerce: Rural markets, developing countries, and personal data are new frontiers. Key idea: Expansion through digital markets. 6.Alvin Toffler – The Third Wave Perspective: Shift to information-based societies. In e-commerce: Online shopping reflects the information age. Key idea: Digital lifestyles replace industrial ones

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZaZPD86MvI Sociology of doing Podcast Jürgen Habermas – Public Sphere Habermas talked about the public sphere, where people discuss social and political issues. Podcast connection: Podcasts act as a modern public sphere, allowing discussion, debate, and opinion-forming outside traditional media. 👉 Example: Social issue podcasts encourage public discussion and democratic participation.

https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-urban-future-with-cities-as-dynamic-ecosystems/article70437555.ece/amp/ Language tax- It is a metaphor for a form of “tax” that individuals or companies may pay because of language barriers. This can lead to additional costs in multilingual contexts, particularly in terms of translation, product adaptation or employee training.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/why-anganwadis-need-urgent-reimagining-101766676411013-amp.html Porridge centres are important from the point of view of nourishment

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Enshittication is also used to refer to a range of symptoms that degrade your experience as an internet user or customer. Some examples include the insertion of advertisements, self-preferencing by tech companies, unfair bias in search results, once-free features becoming paid, genuine products being replaced with lower-value dupes, and more. Mr. Doctorow also points out how apps oer massive potential for enshittication, because app users often have less freedom to block ads when compared to users who are accessing the same platform via the web.

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/g20-presidency-2023-is-set-to-be-a-golden-year-for-india-to-put-its-best-foot-forward/articleshow/95386095.cms?from=mdr Courtesy- Dearest Amitabh Kant Sir Sociology Syllabus Topic related to G20 Paper-1 [(10)Social Change in Modern Society] {Agents of social change, Technology and Social Change, Development and dependency} Paper-2 [Unit- (C)[Social Changes in India] {(1)Visions of Social Change in India} - Constitution, law and social change} {(2) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India - Programmes of rural development, poverty alleviation schemes} ((4)Politics and Society] {Regionalism and decentralization of power} {(7)Challenges of Social Transformation-Crisis of development:displacement, environmental problems and sustainability From the mentality of ‘Rajpath’ to the sentiment of ‘Kartavya Path’ Hi!! Our Dear Fam, . The important takeaways to develop Sociological Imagination have been mentioned below Theoretical perspectives 1. Social Change - Amitabh Kant said, "If India has to grow at 9 to 10 per cent for three decades, all of you have to go at 30 to 40 per cent per year, that is the challenge for India. Without the private sector growing all these, one basic fundamental we must realize is that G20 is not about government alone. Unless you don't grow and prosper, India will not prosper. Unless an MSME doesn't become a large company and large companies do not become super large, India will not prosper." 2. Subaltern Perspective- The main areas of focus are behavioural change through LIFE, green energy, digital transformation, and financial inclusion, among others, as we need to create an equal playing field for everyone 3. Feminist Perspective - Further, India is also determined to deliver outcomes in other critical areas including, but not limited to, women’s empowerment, accelerating progress towards the 2030 SDGs, tech-enabled development across multiple sectors, green hydrogen, disaster risk reduction, enhancing food security and nutrition, and multilateral reform. There is an engagement group like W20 4. Development and dependency - With Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman also having declared that debt distress will be on India’s G20 issue list, it is clear that the nation is poised to be an effective funnel for the interests of the Global South, and will not let siloed concerns of the developed world overrun or dominate the broader agenda. 5. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective - The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India’s national flag – saffron, white and green, and blue. It juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national flower that reflects growth amid challenges. The Earth reflects India’s pro-planet approach to life, one in perfect harmony with nature. The logo draws upon elements contained in various entries received during an open competition for the logo design. The contest organized on MyGov portal received an enthusiastic response with over 2000 submissions. This is in line with the Prime Minister's vision of Jan Bhagidari during India’s G20 Presidency. Serve the country during the Amrit Kaal and help realise the Panch Pran. Dearest Amitabh Kant highlighted that Global leaders build our framework. If it needs to become a top-notch manufacturing nation, businesses would have to grow and prosper. Without your prosperity, India cannot grow. Only India will grow if there are 10,000 Ambanis and 20,000 Adanis instead of just one of each.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/between-india-s-north-and-south-timeless-bonds-exist-101667926934186.html From the mentality of ‘Rajpath’ to the sentiment of ‘Kartavya Path’ Reposted from Our Invincible, Legendary and dearest Karmyogi Prime Minister Ji "I am excited about the Kashi Tamil Sangam event. It will be a celebration of the spirit of Ore Bharatam Unnatha Bharatam and a celebration of the beautiful Tamil language and culture" Serve the country during the Amrit Kaal and help realise the Panch Pran. Edit 1 - Dearest Eminent Karmayogi Akshay Kumar has launched Boroplus Campaign to Spread Happiness and follow the Kartavyapath shown by Our Invincible, Legendary and dearest Karmyogi Prime Minister Ji

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/g20-presidency-2023-is-set-to-be-a-golden-year-for-india-to-put-its-best-foot-forward/articleshow/95386095.cms?from=mdr Courtesy- Dearest Amitabh Kant Sir Sociology Syllabus Topic related to G20 Paper-1 [(10)Social Change in Modern Society] {Agents of social change, Technology and Social Change, Development and dependency} Paper-2 [Unit- (C)[Social Changes in India] {(1)Visions of Social Change in India} - Constitution, law and social change} {(2) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India - Programmes of rural development, poverty alleviation schemes} ((4)Politics and Society] {Regionalism and decentralization of power} {(7)Challenges of Social Transformation-Crisis of development:displacement, environmental problems and sustainability From the mentality of ‘Rajpath’ to the sentiment of ‘Kartavya Path’ Hi!! Our Dear Fam, . The important takeaways to develop Sociological Imagination have been mentioned below Theoretical perspectives 1. Social Change - Amitabh Kant said, "If India has to grow at 9 to 10 per cent for three decades, all of you have to go at 30 to 40 per cent per year, that is the challenge for India. Without the private sector growing all these, one basic fundamental we must realize is that G20 is not about government alone. Unless you don't grow and prosper, India will not prosper. Unless an MSME doesn't become a large company and large companies do not become super large, India will not prosper." 2. Subaltern Perspective- The main areas of focus are behavioural change through LIFE, green energy, digital transformation, and financial inclusion, among others, as we need to create an equal playing field for everyone 3. Feminist Perspective - Further, India is also determined to deliver outcomes in other critical areas including, but not limited to, women’s empowerment, accelerating progress towards the 2030 SDGs, tech-enabled development across multiple sectors, green hydrogen, disaster risk reduction, enhancing food security and nutrition, and multilateral reform. There is an engagement group like W20 4. Development and dependency - With Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman also having declared that debt distress will be on India’s G20 issue list, it is clear that the nation is poised to be an effective funnel for the interests of the Global South, and will not let siloed concerns of the developed world overrun or dominate the broader agenda. 5. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective - The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India’s national flag – saffron, white and green, and blue. It juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national flower that reflects growth amid challenges. The Earth reflects India’s pro-planet approach to life, one in perfect harmony with nature. The logo draws upon elements contained in various entries received during an open competition for the logo design. The contest organized on MyGov portal received an enthusiastic response with over 2000 submissions. This is in line with the Prime Minister's vision of Jan Bhagidari during India’s G20 Presidency. Serve the country during the Amrit Kaal and help realise the Panch Pran. Dearest Amitabh Kant highlighted that Global leaders build our framework. If it needs to become a top-notch manufacturing nation, businesses would have to grow and prosper. Without your prosperity, India cannot grow. Only India will grow if there are 10,000 Ambanis and 20,000 Adanis instead of just one of each.