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✅ Huygens’ Wave Theory of Light:
This is one of the most important principles of wave analysis which was introduced by an eminent physicist Huygens. The crux of the principle is that every point of a wave front can be treated as the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all directions with the same speed as that of the speed of propagation of waves. This just implies that an edge of a wave can actually be viewed as creating a series of circular waves. Usually, these waves combine to carry on the propagation, but sometimes there are noteworthy evident results. The wave front which is defined as the surface, on which the wave disturbance is in phase, actually appears to be tangent to all the circular waves.
Though these results can be easily derived from Maxwell’s equations as well, but Huygens’ Principle is better suited for performing calculations on waves. Maxwell was the one who provided solid theoretical basis to what Huygens’ had already anticipated around two centuries back.
According to this principle, a plane light wave passes through free space at the speed of light. The below figure demonstrates the motion of light rays associated with the propagation of wave front.
👉🏻 A critical description of the Huygens’ Principle is
(i) Each point on a wave front acts as a source of a new disturbance and therefore emits its own set of spherical waves which are called secondary wavelets. The secondary wavelets travel in all directions with the velocity of light as long as they move in the same medium.
(ii) The locus or the envelope of these wavelets in the forward direction indicates the position of new wave front at any subsequent time.
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