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Principle: The test relies on the principle that if a specific antigen and antibody are present in a sample, they will bind together to form a lattice network.
Reagents: Laboratory kits use small carriers, such as latex beads or red blood cells, that are coated with a specific antigen or antibody.
Procedure: The sample is mixed with the reagent. If the corresponding antibody or antigen is present in the sample, it will cross-link with the reagent, causing visible clumping or agglutination.
Result: A positive result is indicated by the clumping of the particles. A negative result shows no clumping, and the particles remain evenly dispersed.
Applications
Blood grouping: Agglutination is the basis of blood typing, where red blood cells (antigen) are mixed with serums containing antibodies to determine the blood type.
Purpose: To identify antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi bacteria.Β How it works: A blood sample is taken, and the serum is tested for the presence and concentration (titer) of specific antibodies.Β Interpretation: A high titer, or a significant increase in titer over time (two tests), can indicate an active infection.Β O-agglutinin: Detects antibodies against the somatic antigen. A titer of \(1:80\) or higher is often considered positive.Β H-agglutinin: Detects antibodies against the flagellar antigen. A titer of \(1:160\) or higher is often considered positive.Β
