ONE-LINER

RAMSAR SITES 💯 Total Ramsar sites - 100 Ramsar sites added in 2025 - 11 and in 2026- 4 1. Sakkarakottai Bird sanctuary - Tamil nadu ( FEB 2025 ) 2. Therthangal Bird Sanctuary - Tamilnadu ( FEB- 2025 ) 3. Udhwa lake - Jharkhand ( FEB- 2025 ) 4. Khecheopalri Wetland- Sikkim ( FEB 2025 ). 5. Khichan Wetland - Rajasthan ( June 2025 ) 6. Menar Wetland - Rajathan ( June 2025 ) 7. Udaypur Wildlife sanctuary - Bihar ( Sep 2025 ) 8. Gokul Reservoir - Bihar ( Sep 2025 ) 9. Gogabeel lake - Bihar ( Nov 2025 ) 10. Kopra Reservoir - Chattisgarh ( Dec 2025) 11. Silisereh lake- Rajasthan ( Dec 2025 ). 1. Patna bird sanctuary -Uttar pradesh ( Feb 2026 ) 2. Chhari- Dhand - Gujrat ( Feb 2026 ) 3. Shekha jheel bird sanctuary ( April 2026 ) - Uttar Pradesh 4. Jai Prakash Narayan Bird sanctuary ( Surha Tal ) - Ballia Uttar Pradesh. ➤ WORLD WETLAND DAY - 2ND FEB. ➤ THEME 2025- Protecting Wetlands for our Common future . ➤ THEME 2026 - Wetlands and traditional knowledge: Celebrating cultural heritage

J&K GK. ⊛ Dachigam national park is located high in it's interior is the Marsar lake from which river Dagwan flows. ⊛ The name Dachigam stands for 10 villages ⊛ Markhor is mainly found in Kazinag national park. ⊛ Mansar lake is located in lower shiwalik hills. ⊛ Hirpora wildlife sanctuary is located in Hirpora and Tral wildlife sanctuary in Pulwama. ⊛ Bani wildlife sanctuary is located in Kathua district. ⊛ shallabugh Wetland is located in Ganderbal district. ⊛ Lotus root ( Nadroo ) grows in manasbal laken which is located in Ganderbal district. ⊛ Wular lake is located in Bandipora formed by tectonic activity and known as Mahapadmasar.

DISEASES 🦠🦠 ★ CAUSED BY VIRUSES ➜ Aids. ➜ Dengue. ➜ Goitre. ➜ Polio. ➜ Influenza. ➜ Rabies. ➜ Small pox. ➜ Chicken pox ➜ Measles. ➜ Hepatitis or Jaundice. ➜ Meningitis . ➜ Herpes. ★ CAUSED BY PROTOZOA ➜ Diarrhoea . ➜ Kalaazar. ➜ Malaria. ➜ Sleeping sickness. ➜ pyorrhoea.

UNITED NATIONS. ⊛ United Nation was founded in 1945. ⊛ Original members - 51 , present members - 193. ⊛ Headquarters - New York. ⊛ Name United Nations coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt. ⊛ Current 6 official and working languages of United nations. ⊛ Only country ever to withdraw from united nations - Indonesia. ⊛ 6 principal organs of United nations. ⊛ General Assembly , Security Council , Secretariat , International court of justice,Trusteeship Council, Economic and social council are principal organs of United nations. ⊛ UN charter was signed on 26 June 1945. ⊛ UN charter came into force on 24 oct 1945. ⊛ 24 OCT is celebrated as United nations day. ⊛ India officially joined UN on 30 oct 1945. ⊛ Antonio Guterres is the current secretary General of United nations. ⊛ Recent most addition was South Sudan in July 2011 .

NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION ( FAA ). ⊛ A body remains at rest or in uniform straight-line motion unless acted upon by a net external (unbalanced) force. ⊛ Newton’s laws are valid only in inertial frames of reference. ⊛ First law is also called the law of inertia or law of Galileo. ⊛ Inertia is directly proportional to mass. ⊛ Mass is a measure of inertia of a body. ⊛ Force is the rate of change of momentum. ⊛ SI unit of force is Newton. ⊛ Examples of law of inertia. 1. Bus starts suddenly → Passengers fall backward (inertia of rest). 2. Bus stops suddenly → Passengers move forward (inertia of motion). 3. Beating a carpet → Dust comes out (inertia of rest). 4. Coin on card trick → Coin falls into glass when card is flicked (inertia of rest). ⊛ When a horse suddenly stops, the rider falls forward → due to inertia of motion. ⊛ When a horse suddenly starts, the rider falls backward → due to inertia of rest.

RAMSAR SITES Total Ramsar sites - 99 Ramsar sites added in 2025 - 11 and in 2026- 3 1. Sakkarakottai Bird sanctuary - Tamil nadu ( FEB 2025 ) 2. Therthangal Bird Sanctuary - Tamilnadu ( FEB- 2025 ) 3. Udhwa lake - Jharkhand ( FEB- 2025 ) 4. Khecheopalri Wetland- Sikkim ( FEB 2025 ). 5. Khichan Wetland - Rajasthan ( June 2025 ) 6. Menar Wetland - Rajathan ( June 2025 ) 7. Udaypur Wildlife sanctuary - Bihar ( Sep 2025 ) 8. Gokul Reservoir - Bihar ( Sep 2025 ) 9. Gogabeel lake - Bihar ( Nov 2025 ) 10. Kopra Reservoir - Chattisgarh ( Dec 2025) 11. Silisereh lake- Rajasthan ( Dec 2025 ). 1. Patna bird sanctuary -Uttar pradesh ( Feb 2026 ) 2. Chhari- Dhand - Gujrat ( Feb 2026 ) 3. Shekha jheel bird sanctuary - Uttar Pradesh ➤ WORLD WETLAND DAY - 2ND FEB. ➤ THEME 2025- Protecting Wetlands for our Common future . ➤ THEME 2026 - Wetlands and traditional knowledge: Celebrating cultural heritage

WEST FLOWING RIVERS ⊛ Narmada, Tapi, Sabarmati, Mahi, Luni , Sharavati, periyar are major west flowing rivers. ⊛ Narmada originates on the western flank of the amarkanthak plateau at a height of 1057 m. ⊛ Narmada is the longest west flowing river. ⊛ Banjar,Tawa ,Shankar ,Halon are the tributaries of Narmada River. ⊛ Sardar Sarovar dam is constructed on Narmada river. ⊛ Jabalpur is located on Narmada banks. ⊛ Tapi is an important westward flowing river. ⊛ Tapi river originates from multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. ⊛ Anai, Gomai, Girna, purna are the tributaries of Tapi river. ⊛ Sabarmati river rises from aravalli mountains. ⊛ Ahmedabad is located on the banks of Sabarmati river. ⊛ Mahi River originates from vindhya mountains. ⊛ Mahi river crosses tropic of cancer twice.

“Wishing all the best to JKSSB Junior Assistant aspirants!”

PENINSULAR DRAINAGE EAST FLOWING RIVERS. ⊛ Mahanadi river rises from sihawa in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. ⊛ Mahanadi river lies in Madya Pradesh, chattisgarh and odisha. ⊛ Hasedo , mand seonath and IB are left bank tributaries of Mahanadi. ⊛ Jonk, Ong, Tel are right bank tributaries of Mahanadi river. ⊛ Hirakund dam is located on Mahanadi river. ⊛ Godavari is the largest Peninusular River of India. ⊛ Godavari is also called as Dakshin Ganga. ⊛ Godavari river rises from nasik district of Maharashtra. ⊛ Wardha, penganga, Wainganga, khana , pench pranhita ,indravati are left bank tributaries of Godavari. ⊛ Nagarjuna sagar dam is located on Godavari river. ⊛ Kaveri river rises from Brahmagiri hills of kogadu district in Karnataka.

RIVERS OF INDIA GANGA RIVER SYSTEM (part 2 ) ⊛ Yamuna is the western most and longest tributary of Ganga. ⊛ Yamuna river source in the yamnotri glacier on the western slopes of Bander Punch range. ⊛ Chambal ,sind ,Betwa ken are right bank tributaries of Yamuna. ⊛ Hindan , Rind, Sengar and varuna are left bank tributaries of Yamuna. ⊛ Chambal is the largest tributary of Yamuna. ⊛ Gandak river comprises of two streams namely Kaligandak and Trishulganga. ⊛ Gandak river rises from Nepal Himalayas. ⊛ Ghagra river originates from glaciers of Malchachungo. ⊛ Tila, seri , beri , sarda are tributaries of Ghagra. ⊛ Kosi is an anticendent river and also called sorrow of Bihar. ⊛ Chambal river form badland topography and famous for gully erosion.

RIVERS OF INDIA GANGA RIVER SYSTEM. ⊛ Ganga river rises in the Gangotri glacier near gomukh in the uttar kashi district of Uttrakhand . ⊛ In Uttarkashi Ganga is known as Bhagirathi. ⊛ WEST - EAST Sequence of Ganga tributaries are Ramganga , Gomati, Ghagra , Gandak, kosi and mahanada. ⊛ Alakananda and Bhagirathi meets at at Devprayag. ⊛ Alakananda and Mandakini meets at Rudraprayag. ⊛ Alakananda and Dhauli ganga meets at Vishnuprayag. ⊛ Alkananda and Pindar meets at Karanaprayag. ⊛ Yamuna and son are the major right bank tributaries of Ganga. ⊛ Ramganga , Gomati, Ghagra , Gandak, kosi and mahanada are left bank tributaries of Ganga. ⊛ In Bangladesh Ganga is known as padma river. ⊛ Alkananda river rises from satopath glacier above badrinath.

RIVERS OF J&K. ⊛ Indus river originates in the vicinity of mansarovar lake from Sange-khambat glacier in Tibet. ⊛ In Kashmir valley Indus is known as Darya - E- Sindh. ⊛ Jhelum Greek name is Hydaspses and sanskrit name is Vitasta. ⊛ Kishanganga,Pohru, Erin,Madhumati,Sindh , Liddar ,Arpal are Right bank tributaries of Jhelum river. ⊛ Vaishav ,Rambiara, Romshi Doodhganga, Sukhnag are left bank tributaries of Jhelum river. ⊛ Salal , Dulhasti ,Baglihar, Pakaldul, Kiru , Swalkot hydro electric power projects on Chenab river. ⊛ Ravi river is also known as Irravati or Purushni. ⊛ Ujh is the major tributary of Ravi river. ⊛ Ranjit sagar dam is located on Ravi river. ⊛ Tawi river is the lifeline of jammu.

RIVERS AND LAKES OF INDIA. ⊛ Indus , Ganga and Brahmaputra are Himalayan rivers. ⊛ In Tibet Indus is called "Singi Khamban ". ⊛ Jhelum , Chenab , Ravi , Beas and Sutluj are left bank tributaries of Indus. ⊛ Shyok, Gilgit , Zanskar ,Hunza, Nubra, Shigar ,Gasting and Drass are right bank tributaries of Ganga. ⊛ Jhelum river rises from verinag spring in Anantnag situated at the foot of Pir panjal ranges. ⊛ Chenab is the largest Tributary of Indus. ⊛ Chenab formed by two streams Chandra and Bhaga. ⊛ Ravi river rises from rohtang pass if the kullu hills of Himachal Pradesh. ⊛ Beas river rises from beas kund near Rohtang pass. ⊛ Sutluj river originates from Rakas lake near mansarovar in Tibet. ⊛ Indus drains into Arabian sea and Ganga , Brahmaputra into Bay of Bengal.

Mobile service was launched in J&K on Aug 2003. ⊛ Shiv Khori Shrine is located in Reasi district. ⊛ Anji khad bridge is located in Reasi district. ⊛ Srinagar is also famous for nine old bridges. ⊛ J&K Bank was established in 1938. ⊛ Legislative assembly was also called as Praja sabha was established in 1934. ⊛ Muslim confrence was changed into national conference in 1939. ⊛ Autumn season is locally called as Harud in Kashmir. ⊛ Chandhara village in pulwama district is famous for superior quality of Saffron. ⊛ The outer plains are locally known as Bajwat and Andarwah. ⊛ Pir panjal range separates the Jammu region from Kashmir valley.

Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks of J&K ⊛ Gulmarg wildlife sanctuary -- Baramulla. ⊛ Overa-Aru wildlife sanctuary - Anantnag ⊛Limber wildlife sanctuary - Baramulla. ⊛ Rajparian wildlife sanctuary - Anantnag ⊛ Hirpora wildlife sanctuary -- Shopian ⊛ Thajwas wildlife sanctuary -- Ganderbal. ⊛ Jasrota wildlife sanctuary-- Kathua. ⊛ Ramnagar wildlife sanctuary -- Jammu. ⊛ Nandini wildlife sanctuary -- jammu. NATIONAL PARKS OF J&K. ⊛ Dachigam national park - Srinagar - 141 sq km ⊛ Kishtwar national park - Kishtwar - 2191.50 sq km ⊛ Kazinag national park - Baramulla - 89 sq km ⊛ Salim Ali national park - Srinagar- 9.07 sq km

CULTURE OF J&K. ⊛ Hafiza nagma dance is based on classical music of Kashmir. ⊛ Chajja Dance is performed on the occasion of Lohri festival primarily in Jammu region by the young boys. ⊛ Rouf dance is performed as a welcoming dance for the spring season and is also performed on weddings and festivals like Eid etc. ⊛ Dumhal dance performed male of wattal tribes. ⊛ Pashmina Shawl is the world famous shawl and its fabric is extracted from the smooth fleecy wool of Kel goat. ⊛ Jhiri Mela or fair is held around October-November to commemorate the memory of Baba Jitto. ⊛ Purmadal mela is celebrated on the occasion of Maha Shivratri. ⊛ Kheer Bhawani Mela is celebrated on the eight day of the full moon in May. ⊛ Tilla work, a style of embroidery involves the use of gold or silver zari (tilla) thread, used to embellish pherans and shawls.

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES. ➜ UNESCO World heritage sites in India - 44 ➜ CULTURAL - 36 ➜ NATURAL - 7 ➜ MIXED - 1 ➤ 44Th World heritage site added in July 2025. ➜ MARATHA MILITARY LANDSCAPES OF INDIA is the 44th world heritage site of India. ➜ Located in Maharashtra and Tamilnadu. ➜ Network of twelve forts built by the Maratha Empire during the 17th and 19th centuries AD. ➜ 11 Forts in Maharashtra and 1 in Tamilnadu. FORTS IN MAHARASHTRA ➜ Salher ➜ Shivneri ➜ Lohgad ➜ Khanderi ➜ Raigad ➜ Rajgad ➜ Pratapgad ➜ Suvarnadurg ➜ Panhala ➜ Vijaydurg ➜ Sindhudurg. FORTS IN TAMILNADU ➜ Gingee fort.

CROPS ( LATEST DATA AS OF 2026 ) ⊛ RICE 1. Uttar Pradesh 2. Telangana 3. West Bengal ⊛ WHEAT 1. Uttar Pradesh 2. Madhya Pradesh 3. Punjab ⊛ MAIZE 1.Madhya Pradesh 2. Karnataka 3. Bihar ⊛ MILLET Rajasthan 2. Karnataka 3. Madhya Pradeh ⊛ PULSES 1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Maharashtra 3. Rajasthan ⊛ TUR 1.Maharashtra 2. Karnataka 3. Jharkhand ⊛ GRAM 1. Maharashtra 2. Madhya Pradesh 3. Rajasthan ⊛ GROUNDNUT 1. Gujarat 2. Rajasthan 3. Madhya Pradesh ⊛ MUSTARD 1. Rajasthan 2. Uttar Pradesh 3. Madhya pradesh ⊛ SUGARCANE 1.Uttar Pradesh 2. Maharashtra 3. Karnataka ⊛ TOBACCO 1. Gujarat 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. Uttar Pradesh. ⊛ COTTON 1. Maharashtra 2. Gujarat 3. Telangana ⊛ JUTE 1. West Bengal 2. Assam 3. Bihar ⊛ TEA 1.Assam 2. West Bengal 3. Tamil Nadu ⊛ COFFEE 1. Karnataka 2. Kerala 3. Tamil Nadu

GEOGRAPHY OF J&K. ⊛ Overa aru wildlife sanctuary is located near Pahalgam in Kashmir valley. ⊛ Baglihar hydroelectric power project is located on Chenab river. ⊛ Wular lake is situated in Bandipora district. ⊛ Jhelum river makes delta into Wular lake. ⊛ Hygam wetland is located in Baramulla district. ⊛ Ujh is the major tributary of Ravi river. ⊛ Jasrota wildlife sanctuary is located in Kathua district. ⊛ Thajwas wildlife sanctuary is located in Ganderbal district. ⊛ Saffron is also known as Zaffron. ⊛ Severe cold season in Kashmir is locally known as shishur . ⊛ Wheat is the staple food of Jammu. ⊛ Naseem bagh in Srinagar is famous for Chinars.

DEMOGRAPHY- CENSUS, ITS FEATURE AND FUNCTIONS. ⊛ World population day is celebrated on 11 july. ⊛ Nagaland has negative population growth according to 2011 census. ⊛ Meghalya state has the highest population growth rate. ⊛ Lakshadweep UT has lowest population growth rate. ⊛ Thane district was the most populous as per 2011 census. ⊛ 2011 census conducted in 16 languages. ⊛ 1921 year is called year of Demographic divide. ⊛ Dibang valley has the samllest population as per 2011 census. ⊛ Uttar pradesh state has maximum rural population. ⊛ Literacy rate of India as per 2011 census is 74.04 percent. ⊛ Mumbai city has the largest population as per 2011 census. ⊛ Madya pradesh has maximum ST population as per 2011 census.