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 “No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man”,  ( UPSC PYQ ) To put it simply, the quote reflects the ever-changing nature of life: the water in the river is constantly flowing, which means that even within a few minutes, water at a particular spot won’t be the same as it was earlier. Similarly, human beings are always undergoing change internally; apart from this, we are exposed to new things every day (a common saying for this is “You learn something new every day”). Humans are regularly processing and internalising new information about themselves and their surroundings– thus, we are never the “same”, even though physically we might not have changed much The quote also shows how change is in fact necessary for things staying true to their nature. If a river stops flowing, it won’t be a river anymore, and in the same way, if humans stop evolving, a very vital part of their humanity would cease. To fight against change is to fight against nature itself; another important related saying is “the more things change, the more they stay the same”, which also points towards how change is necessary for things maintaining their essence. This quote would be most appropriate in introspective contexts, as well as situations requiring an analysis of how change is omnipresent. For example, an individual going to their college reunion 25 years later might enter the same building they did all those years ago–but the fact that the person, the building, and the institution have all undergone drastic changes cannot be ignored. In this case, the individual might reflect inwards and say, “You really cannot step into the same river twice.”

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In Greek mythology, Achilles was the strongest warrior and hero in the Greek army during the Trojan War. He was the son of Peleus, king of the Myrmidons, and Thetis, a sea nymph. Greek hero of Trojan War, the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad - Achilles- was tried to be made immortal by his mother Thetis, herself a sea-nymph. He was dipped into the holy water by her mother to attain immortality.  However he was killed at the end of the Trojan War within the city of Troy by an arrow which struck him in the heel. It was discovered that he was left vulnerable at the part of the body by which she held him while dipping into the water, which remained dry. After his death, all his bravery, all the swiftness of his sword and all his insurmountable strength reduced to a phrase of grammar called ‘Achilles heel’ which means a weakness or vulnerable point. Indeed death is the ultimate truth. There is nothing that can stop one from realization of this truth. The Paths of Glory Lead But to the Grave  ( Upsc pyq)

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जो चाहोगे सो पाओगे एक साधु घाट किनारे अपना डेरा डाले हुए था. वहाँ वह धुनी रमा कर दिन भर बैठा रहता और बीच-बीच में ऊँची आवाज़ में चिल्लाता, “जो चाहोगे सो पाओगे!” उस रास्ते से गुजरने वाले लोग उसे पागल समझते थे. वे उसकी बात सुनकर अनुसना कर देते और जो सुनते, वे उस पर हँसते थे. एक दिन एक बेरोजगार युवक उस रास्ते से गुजर रहा था. साधु की चिल्लाने की आवाज़ उसके कानों में भी पड़ी – “जो चाहोगे सो पाओगे!” “जो चाहोगे सो पाओगे!”. ये वाक्य सुनकर वह युवक साधु के पास आ गया और उससे पूछने लगा, “बाबा! आप बहुत देर से जो चाहोगे सो पाओगे  चिल्ला रहे हो. क्या आप सच में मुझे वो दे सकते हो, जो मैं पाना चाहता हूँ?” साधु बोला, “हाँ बेटा, लेकिन पहले तुम मुझे ये बताओ कि तुम पाना क्या चाहते हो?” “बाबा! मैं चाहता हूँ कि एक दिन मैं हीरों का बहुत बड़ा व्यापारी बनूँ. क्या आप मेरी ये इच्छा पूरी कर सकते हैं?” युवक बोला. “बिल्कुल बेटा! मैं तुम्हें एक हीरा और एक मोती देता हूँ, उससे तुम जितने चाहे हीरे-मोती बना लेना.” साधु बोला. साधु की बात सुनकर युवक की आँखों में आशा की ज्योति चमक उठी. फिर साधु ने उसे अपनी दोनों हथेलियाँ आगे बढ़ाने को कहा. युवक ने अपनी हथेलियाँ साधु के सामने कर दी. साधु ने पहले उसकी एक हथेली पर अपना हाथ रखा और बोला, “बेटा, ये इस दुनिया का सबसे अनमोल हीरा है. इसे ‘समय’ कहते हैं. इसे जोर से अपनी मुठ्ठी में जकड़ लो. इसके द्वारा तुम जितने चाहे उतने हीरे बना सकते हो. इसे कभी अपने हाथ से निकलने मत देना.” फिर साधु ने अपना दूसरा हाथ युवक की दूसरी हथेली पर रखकर कहा, “बेटा, ये दुनिया का सबसे कीमती मोती है. इसे ‘धैर्य’ कहते हैं. जब किसी कार्य में समय लगाने के बाद भी वांछित परिणाम प्राप्त ना हो, तो इस धैर्य नामक मोती को धारण कर लेना. यदि यह मोती तुम्हारे पास है, तो तुम दुनिया में जो चाहो, वो हासिल कर सकते हो.” युवक ने ध्यान से साधु की बात सुनी और उन्हें धन्यवाद कर वहाँ से चल पड़ा. उसे सफ़लता प्राप्ति के दो गुरुमंत्र मिल गए थे. उसने निश्चय किया कि वह कभी अपना समय व्यर्थ नहीं गंवायेगा और सदा धैर्य से काम लेगा. कुछ समय बाद उसने हीरे के एक बड़े व्यापारी के यहाँ काम करना प्रारंभ किया. कुछ वर्षों तक वह दिल लगाकर व्यवसाय का हर गुर सीखता रहा और एक दिन अपनी मेहनत और लगन से अपना सपना साकार करते हुए हीरे का बहुत बड़ा व्यापारी बना. सीख लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिए सदा ‘समय’ और ‘धैर्य’ नाम के हीरे-मोती अपने साथ रखें. अपना समय कभी व्यर्थ ना जाने दें और कठिन समय  में धैर्य का दामन ना छोड़ें. सफ़लता अवश्य प्राप्त होगी.

TWO FROGS AND A CHALLENGE A group of frogs were hopping around in one fine afternoon while two of them suddenly fell into a pit. When the other frogs at the top saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that it would be impossible for them to come out of it. For a while, both the frogs ignored the  comments and tried with all their might to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them that their attempts are of no good and they were as good as dead. Finally, one of the frogs took heed to what the frogs outside the pit were saying and gave up. It fell deeper down the pit and met his death. The other frog continued his attempt to jump out of the pit. Once again, the other frogs yelled at it to stop the pain and accept his death. He tried even harder and finally jumped out of the pit. Every other frogs were amazed when he got out of the pit. “ Did you not hear us?”, asked one of the frogs. One of the other frogs explained that the frog who won over, his battle with death was actually deaf. The deaf frog smiled and said, “ thank you my friends. I couldn’t have come out of the pit without you encouraging and cheering me all the time while  I was in it” Moral: Words are very powerful weapon. Death and life are in the power of the tongue. Words have the potential to produce positive or negative consequences. Words have catalyzed and stirred the nations into revolution and triumph, and with a single word, the nations have succumbed to nothing. However, one good, edifying word brings joy and hope to those who need it most. So be careful of what you speak. Speak life to those who cross your path.

“When it comes to fighting for your dreams, be a dragon. Breathe fire.” Richelle E. Goodrich

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