𝟛𝕣𝕕 𝕪𝕖𝕒𝕣 𝕟𝕠𝕥𝕖𝕤 ~🗒

قناة زميلتنا تنزل في امسيكيوات و نقاط مهمة تستفيدوا منه~ 🤍

دايرتهم طالبة من دفعة 45 ضروري جدا تحلو وتدربو علي cases

Case 1

73 Mcq -CVS

نقاط مهمة 📍 ▫️nitrates used for relaxationof sm. ms. are venulodilators and in high dose arteriodilators ▫️nitrates decrease O2 demand → increase O2 supply ▫️ميزة ال nitrates : redistribution of bl. to subendocardial ischemic areas و ديما يستخدم في الacute ⭐⭐⭐▫️ preperations of nitroglycerin + ISDN: 1 sublingual tablets → 1st choice for acute angina attack 2 transdermal patch → for long term prophylaxis & CHF 3 IV infusion → AHF⭐ + unstable angina ⭐▫️DHP (nifidipine) → act in vessels ⭐▫️Non-DHP (verapamil + diltiazem)→ act on heart and vessels (SAN-AVN) ▫️DHP can cause reflex tachycardia + ankle edema ▫️ NON-DHP can cause heart block +constipation (verapamil) ▫️verapamil drug of choice in HOCM ⭐ ▫️beta bl. drug of choice in classic angina prophylaxis

احتمال يجن شورت نوت في الangina 1 list the 3 major groups of antiangimal drugs 2 indications of nitrates (nitroglycerine) ⭐⭐⭐ 3 contraindications of nitrates ⭐ 4 adverse effects of nitrates 5 precautions when using nitrates ⭐⭐⭐ 6 importance of beta bl. as 1st choice maintenance therapy in classic angina ⭐ 7 therapeutic uses of CCBs in angina

❕Explain why CCBs are preferred in vasospastic type? ▫️ b/c decrease O2 demand + has direct selective on coronary a. increase coronary bl. flow by dilatation ❕Explain why nitrates have rapid tolerance with chronic use? ▫️due to depletion of SH groups required for nitrosothiol formation ❕and how to avoid tolerance? ▫️allow nitrate free period for 8 hrs/day

و في ثلاث أنواع angina كلام باثو بس مهمات لل indications و ال cases اللي هن~ 1 classic (stable angina) 2 prinzmetal (vasospastic) angina 3 unstable angina

أول شيء الجزئية الأهم في الشيت هيا nitrates ركزوا عليه كله حتى الميكانيزم مهم📍

أعتقد لميت الشيت كله 😂 ان شاء الله تستفيدوا منه و تساعدكم 🤍 نبدوا بال 2) Drugs used in angina 💫

نقاط مهمة❕ ▫️nitroprusside for emergencies ▫️thiazide for HTN with diabetes or osteoporosis (low dose) ▫️hydralazine inhibit calcium release from sarcoplasmic riticulum ▫️minoxidil + diazoxide are k channel openers ▫️CCBS increase renal bl. flow and decrease aldosterone and used in pt with astma ▫️methyl dopa drug of choice in pregnancy ▫️labetolol in pre eclampsia ▫️beta bl. not used in diabetic pt. ▫️ARBs act on AT1 receptors only + prevent cough

جدول مهم لل cases ⭐

احتمال يجن شورت نوت❕ 1 list major groups of drugs in HTN 2 adverse effects of thiazide 3 adverse effects of hydralazine + diazoxide 4 first line standard therapy in HTN ⭐ 5 first line standard combination therapy in HTN ⭐ 6 indications for hypertensive emergencies ⭐⭐⭐

جزئية الإكسبلاين واي ❕Explain why low dose thiazides is preferred to high dose? ▫️ b/c metabolic side effects may occur if used in high dose leads to ↓K ↓Ca↓HDL↑lipid↑hyperglycemia ❕Explain why hydralazine is not used as 1ry drug to treat HTN? ▫️b/c rapid tolerance and with time lose it's effects. ↓bl. pr. → reflex tachycardia & angina + ↑rennin → edema. hypersensitivity in form of rash + rheaumatoid arthritis + SLE like syndrome. ❕Explain why nitroprusside is only used in severe cases of HTN? ▫️very potent + immediate onset + very short duration + prolonged use lead to toxicity ❕Explain why indications of labetolol differ from bisoprolol in management of HTN? ▫️b/c alpha 1 selective + non selective beta bl. more potent + rapid onset + used in hypertensive emergencies ❕Explain main differences b/w ACE I &ARBs? ▫️ARBs works on receptors + has no side affects no angioedema no cough ACE I works on enzymes but cause side effects... etc ❕and why they are preferred in diabetic and nephropathy? (case) ▫️they reduce intraglomerular pr. by inhibit angiotensin II efferent arteriole vc. and reduce proteinuria

نبدوا بال Anti - hypertensive drugs (1 💫

و تصنيفات gram positive & gram negative

لقيت جدول تخص جزئية سي في اس 1 anti hypertensive drugs ان شاء الله تستفيدوا منه كمراجعة~ 🌸

ملخص فارما dyslipidemia في جدول و شيرت عالمهم اللي ركزت عليها الدكتورة~ 📝