𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙰𝙻 𝚂𝚃𝚄𝙳𝚈 𝙽𝙾𝚃𝙴𝚂.𝟻
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{رَّبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا} 👩🏻🎓🎓💉🦷✨ قناة طب أسنان مرحلة خامسة جامعة بغداد (لطفاً… لمن استفاد بشيء من هذه القناة قرائة سورة الفاتحة على روح والدي🤍)
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2 379
Repost from 𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙰𝙻 𝚂𝚃𝚄𝙳𝚈 𝙽𝙾𝚃𝙴𝚂.𝟻
………………provides a source of essential nutrients for many obligate anaerobes
2 379
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هنا أيضاً صحيح أنو الlactobacillus و الstreptococcus
لگوها بالroot carious lesions
2 379
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Gram-negative anaerobic cocci appear as plaque oxygen levels fall, unable to metabolize dietary carbohydrates but use lactate that is produced by other microorganisms and convert to weaker acids
2 379
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They have been frequently isolated from both root caries lesions and sound root surface, suggesting their association with root caries.
2 379
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……………the organisms with the disease may also present at sound sites but at a low level
2 379
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……caries is consequence of overall acid production activity of total plaque microflora rather than a few specific bacteria but also species that produce alkali or consume lactate need to be considered
2 379
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………… led to the identification of a single or very small numbers of species were actively involved in disease.
2 379
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LACTOBACCILI
📎aerotolerant / anaerobic
📎acid tolerant (aciduric)
ممكن تسوي glycolysis بpH 3
📎poor colonizer of smooth tooth surface
لذلك يظنون انهم يسوؤون حالات الinitial enamel lesions
و تصير deep dentine lesion
📎produce both EPS + IPS
📎positive correlation بين عددهم بالسلايڤا و البلاك
و الcaries activity
2 379
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Streptococcus = gram-positive facultative coccus
Lactobacillus =gram-positive aero tolerant or anaerobic bacilli
Actinomyces = gram-positive anaerobic pleomorphic rod-shaped
Veillonella = gram-negative anaerobic cocci
2 379
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Steptococcus mutans
🦠Attach to tooth surface by:
🦠1) extra cellular proteins (adhesins) on fimbriae
🦠2) sucrose —> extracellular polysaccharides (glucans)
📌rapid lactic acid production (sugar substrate)
📌production intracellular polysaccharide energy stores
باختصار ذني البكتريا يستمعلون السكر حتى يعيشون و يتكاثرون و بالتالي الwaste product مالتهم هو acid
اكثر شي lactic acid لكن ممكن butyric او propionic او غيرهم
2 379
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Streptococci
4 species groups:
-mitis
-mutant
-salivarious
-sanguinosus
🔺-S. sanguis ——> initiation plaque formation
🔺-S.mitis ——> role in gingivitis, periodontitis
isolated from carious dentine, infected RC
🔺-S. mutans ——> predominant in caries process‼️‼️‼️
هسة نحچي عليها أكثر
Arranged in chains
4 subspecies: S. Rattus, S.Sobrinus, S. Cricetus, S. Ferus
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البكتريا حتى تسويلنا كيريز لازم عندها عدة صفات:
⭕️1) rapidly change fermentable sugars to acid.
بسرعة تحول السكريات الى أحماض
⭕️2) maintain sugar metabolism under extreme environmental conditions (low pH‼️)
قليل اكو يتحملون الحموضة العالية بس عندنا مثال
Mutans streptococci
Lactobacilli
يحبون الlow pH و grow + metabolize بهذه الأجواء
لذلك همه acidogenic + aciduric
⭕️3) production extracellular + intracellular polysaccharides (EPS + IPS)
EPS = glucans + fructans ——> biofilm matrix
IPS = glycogen-like storage
مثل الاحتياط يستعملوه لمن ماكو free sugar موجود
لذلك الIPS من يكون بلbiofilm يطول المدة الي ممكن تستمر البكتريا بتكوين acids
formic acid, acetic acid
2 379
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Microorganisms have a variety of systems for the conversion of cellular end products which vary according to:
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Cariogenic potential of bacteria 🦠
-most bac. grow in narrow pH range
-some oral bac. are ACIDURIC
يعني يحبون الlow pH
و يحبون لمن سطح السن يكون acidic
-sugar = main energy source
لكن اكو يستعملون carboxylic acids, amino acids
2 379
Repost from 𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙰𝙻 𝚂𝚃𝚄𝙳𝚈 𝙽𝙾𝚃𝙴𝚂.𝟻
Fluoridated milk 🥛
حليب البقر و البشر نسبته قليلة
0.03ppmF
🔹Promotes remineralization of enamel lesions
in vivo and in vitro.
🔹Inhibits demineralization in enamel and dentine.
MECHANISM OF MILK ANTI-CARIES EFFECT;
1) topical effect,
cariostatic effect liquid phase at plaque/enamel interface during de- + re- mineralization processes
2) fluoride bioavailability in milk appears less important than amount of fluoride that can be incorporated into plaque whenever fluoridated milk consumed
مادري شنو يعني بس ما عليناااا🙂↔️
❌Disadvantages ❌
1) milk consumption varies with socioeconomic group
2)consumptions decreases with age
(less long term benefit than water)
3) high level technical expertise required
⭕️ليش يحتاج تركيز فلورايد عالي بالحليب؟
1) اطفال م يشربون الحليب ٢٤ ساعة
2) الكالسيوم يتفاعل وي الفلورايد فه يقل ال
availability for topical benefits
2 379
Repost from 𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙰𝙻 𝚂𝚃𝚄𝙳𝚈 𝙽𝙾𝚃𝙴𝚂.𝟻
Fluoridated salt 🧂
250 ppm
يعني
250 mg F/kg salt
0.25 mg/gm salt
⭕️اذا شخص استعمل 4grams ملح باليوم
يحصل 1mg F
✅Advantages ✅
1) wide coverage
2) little action required by individual
3) low cost
4) freedom (fluoridated + non-fluoridated salt available) محد غاصبه على شي بكيفه يختار
5) minimum fluorosis risk
❌Disadvantages ❌
1) community education and promotion required
2) international efforts to reduce sodium intake ~ hypertension دويلاً دايحاولون يقللون استعمال الملح بسبب ضغط القلب
3) consumption of F salt is low during early life when F need is high الجهال الصغار قليل يستعملون الملح لكن همه أكثر ناس محتاجين فلورايد
