Medstars

Types of gait

Common OSCE question: Diminished radial pulses (sometimes mention pulses still felt in lower limb) :Takayasu arteritis Diminished in lower limb but present in radii : coarctation of aorta

Definition of Shock :inadequate organ and tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood (brain, kidney, extremities) ف ابدا ما ذكر بالتعريف blood pressure ،هذا التعريف دائما يسالون بي

اي mass نفحصها لازم نعلق على هذني الاشياء ⬆️⬆️

Double J stent : -indications : Obstruction After stone removal After surgery like PNL,pyeloplasty, uretert repair Anuria ESWL Pyonephrosis -Complications: Irritative symptoms Infection Obstruction Failure ,Kinking Perforations ( rare) Crystal formation and stone Haematuria

Indications of Foley catheter : Urinary retention Measurement of urine output Post-prostate, bladder, or gynecologic surgery Prolonged immobilisation Neurogenic bladder/spinal cord damage Instillation of contrast in cytography In urodynamic studies -C.I: urethral injury -Complications: UTI Blockage Pt discomfort Epididymitis Retained balloon fragments Bladder fistula & perforation Bladder stone formation

Summary of head trauma اهم الاشياء اللي تخص العملي

Skull fracture Mx : Linear ,closed depressed , diastsis ,comminuted : conservative Open depressed : cranioctomy & cranioplasty after 9 months Skull base : conservative (Mx of ⬆️ ICP ) ,if no response after 2 wks = surgery (repair) Haematoma : EDH : CT scan : Lens-shaped Mx: Evacuation by craniotomy SDH : CT scan : crescent shaped Mx: -acute : Evacuation by craniotomy -subacute &chronic: craniostomy Mx of SAH & IVH : Conservative Surgery for hydrocephalus Mx of ICH & brain contusion Rx :conservative Surgery under special circumstances Diffuse brain injury Mx of : -Concussion & Diffuse axonal injury. DAI : conservative -Diffuse cerebral oedema : de-compressive cranioctomy Brain death : State of: Areflexia : loss or corneal or pupillary reflex for example Apnoea GCS = 3 Primary cause :medical disease, trauma Conformtion ; Cerebral angiography :no circulation in the death EEG : flat line This term not applied in 2 conditions: Hypothermia Drug abuse In which the brain dysfunction is reversible

MCQs about CNS & head and neck anatomy