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Channel LAW Notes Llb Notes Judiciary Notes (@law_notes_llb_notes) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 22 646 subscribers, ranking 8 714 in the Education category and 18 583 in the India region.

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𝗤) क्या आप टेलीग्राम के सबसे बेहतरीन UPSC Quiz चैनल से जुड़ना चाहेंगे ? ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ Yes / हां No / नहीं 👥 जल्दी कीजिये सीट सीमित हैं। 👥 🚊 फास्ट जॉईन ओनली 15 मिनट 🚀

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✅ JUDICIARY INTERVIEW👇 https://t.me/joinchat/7X2VWDSqARM4OTJl ✅ Indian Judicial Services👇 https://t.me/joinchat/wL6RWZUMKiNhMzBl ✅ LAW STUDENTS👇 https://t.me/joinchat/wa6wE6YMsy0yY2Q1 Join 🔜👆👆 Join Fast, Don't Miss it

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Regulating Act 1773 Notes The Regulating Act was passed in the British Parliament in June 1773. It was the first parliamentary ratification and authorization defining the powers and authority of the East India Company with respect to its Indian possessions. Background/Reasons for passing the Act The East India Company was in severe financial crisis and had asked a loan of 1 million pounds from the British government in 1772. Allegations of corruption and nepotism were rampant against company officials. There was a terrible famine in Bengal where a huge population perished. The Dual form of administration instituted by Robert Clive was complex and drawing a lot of complaints. According to this system, the company had Diwani rights (obtained after the Battle of Buxar) in Bengal and the Nawab had Nizamat rights (judicial and policing rights) as secured from the Mughal Emperor. In reality, both powers were vested with the company. The farmers and the general population suffered as their improvement was neglected and the company was only concerned with maximising revenue. Lawlessness increased in Bengal. The defeat of the company against Mysore’s Hyder Ali in 1769. Provisions of The Regulating Act This act permitted the company to retain its territorial possessions in India but sought to regulate the activities and functioning of the company. It did not take over power completely, hence called ‘regulating’. The act provided for appointment of a Governor-General along with four Councillors in the Presidency of Fort William (Calcutta), jointly called the Governor-General in Council. As per this, Warren Hastings was appointed as the Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The Governors in Councils at Madras and Bombay were brought under the control of Bengal, especially in matters of foreign policy. Now, they could not wage war against Indian states without Bengal’s approval. The company directors were elected for a period of five years and one-fourth of them were to retire every year. Also, they could not be re-elected. The company directors were directed to make public all correspondence on revenue, civil and military matters with Indian authorities before the British authorities. A Supreme Court of Judicature was established at Calcutta with Sir Elijah Impey as the first Chief Justice. Judges were to come from England. It had civil and criminal jurisdiction over the British subjects and not Indian natives. Defects of Regulating Act 1773 Drawbacks of The Regulating Act The Governor-General had no veto power. It did not address the concerns of the Indian population who were paying revenue to the company. It did not stop corruption among the company officials. The Supreme Court’s powers were not well-defined. The parliamentary control that was sought in the activities of the company proved to be ineffective as there was no mechanism to study the reports sent by the Governor-General in Council. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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*धारा 28E. Act.* ■ E. Act. की धारा 24 का अपवाद E. Act. की धारा 28 है। *धारा 29E. Act.* ■ मत व्यक्ति (नशे मे) की गयी संस्वीकृती सुसंगत है। ■ धोखा,प्रवंचना या स्वयं से की गयी संस्वीकृति सुसंगत होगी। Csse-> *साहू v/s उ0 प्र0 राज्य* ---> स्वयं से की गयी संस्वीकृति सुसंगत है। *सिघारा सिंह v/s उ0 प्र0 राज्य* ---> संस्वीकृति से सम्बन्धित हैE. Act. 29 *धारा 30 E. Act.* ■ सह अभियुक्त की संस्वीकृति सुसंगत होती है। ■ सह अभियुक्त का *एक ही अपराध के लिए संयुक्त विचारण(joint trial) किया जायेगा।* ■ सह अभियुक्त का साक्ष्य, साक्ष्य मे महत्व न्यायालय *विचार मे ले सकेगा।* Case--> *कशमीरा सिंह का वाद E. Act. 30* *धारा 32 E. Act.* ■ *E. Act 32* मे *8 खण्ड* है और आठो महत्वपूर्ण है। ■ मृत्यु कालिक कथन 32(1) E. Act मे है। ■ मृत्यु कालिक कथन अपने या स्वयं के मृत्यु के बारे मे कथन होना चाहिए। ■ *P.N. स्वामी v/s इम्परर* के मामले मे मृत्युकालिक कथन घटना के पहले एवं घटना के बाद दोनो सुसंगत होते है। *( जस्टिस लार्ड एटकिन)* ■ मृत्यु कालिक कथन सारवान साक्ष्य होता है। ■ *खुशहाल राव v/s स्टेट ऑफ बाम्बे* मे सिद्धांत प्रतिपादित किया गया कि *कोई अपने निर्माता से अपने मुख मे झूठ लेकर नही मिलना चाहेगा।* ■ मृत्यु कालिक कथन *विश्वसनीयता, आवश्यकता तथा अन्य साक्ष्य के अभाव* मे ग्रहण किये जाते है। ■ *रामनाथ माधो प्रसाद v/s म0 प्र0 राज्य* के मामले मे मृत्यु कालिक कथन की व्याख्या की गयी है । *धारा 34 E. Act.* ■ *लेखा बही प्रविष्टियाँ* - सुसंगत होगी लेकिन दायित्व से भारित करने के लिए पर्याप्त सुसंगत नही होगी। *Case-> जैन बन्धु हवाला मामला जिसमे लेखा प्रविष्टियाँ सुसंगत नही हुई ।* *धारा 35 E. Act* ■ सरकारी बही खाते मे की गयी प्रविष्टियाँ सुसंगत होती है। *धारा 38 E. Act.* ■ विदेशी विधि को *E. Act 38 व 45* के तहत सुसंगत माना गया है । ■ विदेशी विधि को या वहा मौजूद विधि को प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है। ■ विदेशी विधि पर *विशेषज्ञों* को राय *E. Act 45* के तहत ली जायेगी। ■ भारतीय विधि पर *विशेषज्ञों* की राय *नही* ली जा सकती क्योकि न्यायालय स्वयं मे विशेषज्ञों का विशेषज्ञ है। *धारा 39 E. Act.* ■ *E. Act. 39 व 132* को *17अक्टूबर 2000* को प्रतिस्थापित किया गया। ■ *E. Act. 119 व 114A* को *03 फरवरी 2013* को प्रतिस्थापित किया गया । *धारा 40 E. Act.* ■ *प्रांगन्याय* सिद्धांत दिया गया है । *धारा 41 E. Act.* ■ *सर्वबन्धी, विश्वव्यापी या लोकलक्षी* निर्णय के विषय मे बताया गया है । जिसके अनुसार-- 1. प्रोबेट 2. विवाह 3. नवाधिकरण 4. दिवाला ■ निश्चायक सबूत *E. Act. 41, 112, 113* मे दिया गया है। *धारा 42 E. Act.* ■ *publice Nature (लोक प्रकृति)* के मामलो मे दिया गया निर्णय *सुसंगत* होगा लेकिन *निश्चायक* नही होगा। *धारा 43E. Act. *नोट -- इस धारा का सभी दृष्टान्त महत्वपूर्ण है। ■ सामान्यतः पूर्ववर्ती निर्णय सुसंगत नही होते। ■ सिविल मामलो मे दिया गया निर्णय Criminal मामलो मे सुसंगत नही होगा। ■ Criminal मामलो मे दिया गया निर्णय सिविल मामलो मे सुसंगत नही होगा। Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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✅ RIGHT TO PROPERTY After the 44th Amendment of the Constitution, right to property has ceased to be a fundamental right. Under Article 300A, it has become a constitutional right. One other important aspect is with regard to deprivation or acquisition of agricultural and homestead land belonging to weaker sections. Before such deprivation takes place, the persons so deprived must be provided lands of quality as nearly as may be equal to the lands such persons were previously occupying or otherwise adequately rehabilitated. ✅ संपत्ति का अधिकार संविधान के 44 वें संशोधन के बाद, संपत्ति का अधिकार एक मौलिक अधिकार हो गया है। अनुच्छेद 300 ए के तहत, यह एक संवैधानिक अधिकार बन गया है। एक अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पहलू कमजोर वर्गों से संबंधित कृषि और गृहस्थ भूमि के अभाव या अधिग्रहण के संबंध में है। इस तरह के अभाव से पहले, वंचित व्यक्तियों को गुणवत्ता की भूमि प्रदान की जानी चाहिए, क्योंकि लगभग भूमि उन लोगों के बराबर हो सकती है, जो पहले कब्जा कर रहे थे या अन्यथा पर्याप्त रूप से पुनर्वासित थे। Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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JUDICIAL ACTIVISM • Judiciary plays an assertive role to force the other organs of the state to discharge their constitutional duties towards public • Judicial activism basically has been forced upon the judiciary by insensitive & unresponsive administration that disregards the interest of the people, to ensure that administration of country does not suffer because of the negligence on the part of executive & the legislature • Concept of Judicial activism emerged when SC started playing assertive role by giving some landmark judgments & issued some stern directives to legislature & executives concerned • Phenomenon of judicial activism is welcome step only in short run & if it is carried out for long, it may destroy the very essence of separation of powers, with the judiciary assuming greater powers compared to legislature & executive in the absence of proper checks & balance mechanism. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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🅰 भारत की कुछ प्रमुख समितियाँ 1. के. संथानम समिति: सीबीआई की स्थापना 2. एस. पी. तलवार समिति: कमजोर सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंक का पुनर्गठन 3. सुरेश तेंदुलकर समिति: गरीबी रेखा को पुनर्परिभाषित करना और उसकी गणना सूत्र 4. सप्त ऋषि समिति (जुलाई 2002): घरेलू चाय उद्योग का विकास 5. शाह समिति: गैर बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनियों (NFBCs) से संबंधित सुधार 6. शिवरामन समिति (1979): नाबार्ड की स्थापना 7. एस.एन. वर्मा समिति (1999): वाणिज्यिक बैंकों का पुनर्गठन 8. स्वामीनाथन आयोग (2004): किसानों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं का पता लगाना 9. सुखमय चक्रवर्ती समिति (1982): भारतीय मौद्रिक प्रणाली के कामकाज का आकलन करने के लिए 10. टंडन समिति: बैंकों द्वारा कार्यशील पूंजी वित्तपोषण की प्रणाली 11. तारापोर समिति (1997): पूंजी खाता परिवर्तनीयता पर रिपोर्ट 12. उदेश कोहली समिति: विद्युत क्षेत्र में फण्ड की आवश्यकता का विश्लेषण 13. यू.के. शर्मा समिति: आरआरबी में नाबार्ड की भूमिका 14. वाघुल समिति: भारत में मुद्रा बाजार 15. वासुदेव समिति: एनबीएफसी सेक्टर में सुधार 16. वाई. बी. रेड्डी समिति (2001): आयकर छूट की समीक्षा 17. न्यायमूर्ति ए.के. माथुर आयोग: 7 वां वेतन आयोग 18. बलवंतराय मेहता समिति (1957): पंचायती राज संस्थाएँ

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ATTORNEY-GENERAL According to Article 76, the President appoints a person qualified to be a Supreme Court judge as the Attorney General of India. The Attorney General is the first legal officer of India. He functions as the Chief Law Officer of the Government. The Attorney General of India advises the Government of India on any legal matter. He performs any legal duties assigned to him by the President of India. He discharges any functions conferred to him by the Constitution or the President. In the performance of his duties, the Attorney General of India has right of audience in all courts in the territory of India. The Attorney General represents the Union and the States before the Courts but is also allowed to take up private practice provided; the other party is not the State. He is not a member of the either House of the Parliament. Still he enjoys the right to attend and speak in the parliamentary deliberations and meetings (of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha), without a right to vote. He is not a full time officer of the House, nor is he a member of a Cabinet, he is not barred from private practice except that he cannot advice or hold briefs against the Government of India. He should not defend accused persons for criminal prosecution without the permissions of the Government of India. He is entitled to all privileges and immunities as a Member of the Parliament. The Attorney General of India is assisted by two Solicitor General and four assistant Solicitor General. The Attorney General is not paid salary but a retainer that is determined by the President. The retainer of the Attorney General of India is equal to the salary of a judge of the Supreme Court. As a convention, after the change of the Government, the Attorney General resigns and the new Government appoint a new Attorney General of its own choice. The Attorney General holds office during the pleasure of the President and receives remuneration as determined by the President. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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🅰 भारत की कुछ प्रमुख समितियाँ 1. के. संथानम समिति: सीबीआई की स्थापना 2. एस. पी. तलवार समिति: कमजोर सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंक का पुनर्गठन 3. सुरेश तेंदुलकर समिति: गरीबी रेखा को पुनर्परिभाषित करना और उसकी गणना सूत्र 4. सप्त ऋषि समिति (जुलाई 2002): घरेलू चाय उद्योग का विकास 5. शाह समिति: गैर बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनियों (NFBCs) से संबंधित सुधार 6. शिवरामन समिति (1979): नाबार्ड की स्थापना 7. एस.एन. वर्मा समिति (1999): वाणिज्यिक बैंकों का पुनर्गठन 8. स्वामीनाथन आयोग (2004): किसानों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं का पता लगाना 9. सुखमय चक्रवर्ती समिति (1982): भारतीय मौद्रिक प्रणाली के कामकाज का आकलन करने के लिए 10. टंडन समिति: बैंकों द्वारा कार्यशील पूंजी वित्तपोषण की प्रणाली 11. तारापोर समिति (1997): पूंजी खाता परिवर्तनीयता पर रिपोर्ट 12. उदेश कोहली समिति: विद्युत क्षेत्र में फण्ड की आवश्यकता का विश्लेषण 13. यू.के. शर्मा समिति: आरआरबी में नाबार्ड की भूमिका 14. वाघुल समिति: भारत में मुद्रा बाजार 15. वासुदेव समिति: एनबीएफसी सेक्टर में सुधार 16. वाई. बी. रेड्डी समिति (2001): आयकर छूट की समीक्षा 17. न्यायमूर्ति ए.के. माथुर आयोग: 7 वां वेतन आयोग 18. बलवंतराय मेहता समिति (1957): पंचायती राज संस्थाएँ Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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DECREE The adjudication of a court of law may be divided into two classes: (i) decrees, and (ii) orders. In order that a decision of a court may be a "decree", the following elements must be present: (i) There must be an adjudication; (ii) Such adjudication must have been done in a suit; (iii) It must have determined the rights of rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit; (iv) Such determination must be of a conclusive nature; (v) There must be a formal expression of such adjudication. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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# संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ 👆 Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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Directive Principles Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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Sources of the Indian Constitution Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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Fugitive Economic Offender Act Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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{Legal update} *Supreme court of India* *Hindu Law.* Joint family property sold by a coparcener without consent of other coparceners. If the said property is re-conveyed back to joint family or the coparcener, the property re-acquires joint family property status. All coparceners including those who are born subsequently would get right. *Doddamuniyappa vs Muniswamy & others.* *(2019) 7 SCC 193.* Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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{कानूनी अद्यतन} * भारत का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय * * हिंदू कानून। * अन्य कॉपारकेनर्स की सहमति के बिना एक कॉपार्सर द्वारा बेची गई संयुक्त पारिवारिक संपत्ति। यदि उक्त संपत्ति को फिर से संयुक्त परिवार या कोपरकेनर को वापस भेज दिया जाता है, तो संपत्ति संयुक्त परिवार की संपत्ति का दर्जा फिर से प्राप्त कर लेती है। बाद में पैदा हुए लोगों सहित सभी सहकर्मी सही हो जाएंगे। * डोड्डामुनियप्पा बनाम मुनीस्वामी और अन्य। * * (2019) 7 SCC 193. * Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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Definition of victim Victim compensation scheme fund like Nirbhaya for victim of rape acid attack and their rehabilitation Victim protection provisions Vishakha vs State of Rajasthan guidline of honourable the supreme Court Protection sexual harrassment at place 2013 rules Griveous redressal meachism Participating woman in workforce and in role of democracy Gender justice and equality Woman legislation for protection of rights Misuse of sec 498A of IPC powers functions and constitute woman commission Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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WHAT TYPES OF PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA? There are two categories of Parliamentary privileges in India, the specified and enumerated, and the recognized but unenumerated. The first category includes; (a) Freedom of speech in each House of Parliament; (b) Immunity from proceedings in any courts in respect of anything said or vote given by a member in parliament or any committee thereof; and (c) Immunity from liability in respect of the publication by or under the authority of either House of Parliament, of any report, paper, votes or proceeding of either House. In the second category, fall all those privileges which were enjoyed by the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and its members and committees, at the commencement of the Constitution of India and would continue to be in force unless they are modified and defined by Parliament by law. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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The substantive part of the Code of Civil Procedure contains 158 sections. The (First) Schedule comprises 51 Orders and Rules providing procedure. Appendices contain Model Forms of Pleadings, Processes, Decrees, Appeals, Execution proceedings, etc. Order 21 is the longest Order covering 106 Rules. Section 151 is a salutary provision. It saves inherent powers in every court to secure the ends of justice and also to prevent the abuse of process of the court. Secttion 153-B as added by the Amendment Act of 1976 expressly declares that the place of trial shall be open to the public. The proviso, however, empowers the Presiding Judge, if he thinks fit, to order that the general public or any particular person shall not have access to the court. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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Can FIR be quashed before chargesheet?🤔 FIR can be quashed👍 under Section 482 CrPC even😯 after filing of a charge sheet, Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has held that High Court's power under Section 482 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 can be exercised to quash an FIR even after the filing of a charge sheet Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes