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1.Explain the experiment conducted by Newton to show that white light contains seven colours. Sun appears red in colour during sunrise but appears white at noon. Explain with the reasons. 2.What is the meaning of the statement “The potential difference between two points is 1 V” ? Name the device used to measure potential difference. What is resistance of a conductor ? What is electric power ? Write three formulae used to find electric power. 3.a) Explain the formation of ionic bond between sodium atom and chlorine atom. [ Atomic number of sodium is 11, Atomic number of chlorine is 17 ] b) List any four general properties of ionic compounds. 4.a) What is refraction of light ? State two laws of refraction of light. b) What is refractive index of light ? “The refractive index of diamond is 2·42.” What is the meaning of this statement ? 5.a) Tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with short pea plant (tt). What type of the plants will obtain in F1 generation? Write the genetic make up of this progeny. b) Forelimbs of frog, wings of bird, wings of bat, forelimbs of lizard pair them as analogous and homologous organs. Give reason for your pairing. 6.a) Write any two differences between saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds. b) Write the molecular formula and structural formula for the following carbon compounds. i) propanoic acid ii) cyclohexane ii) pentane 7. a) What are the functions of the fluids blood’ and lymph’ in humans? What are the different waste materials added to the urine from theblood? b) How are waste materials excreted in plants? 8.Mention the events that occur during photosynthesis? How are the photosynthetic products translocated in the plants? Mention the wastes generated during this process. 9.A) List out the different types of chemical reactions and give an example each. B) oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen why? 10.When do we consider a person to be myopic or hyper metropic? Explain using diagram how defect associated with myopic and Hypermetropic eye can be corrected.

1.Draw the diagram of an electric circuit in which the resistors R1 , R2 and R3 are connected in parallel including an ammeter and a voltmeter and mark the direction of the current. 2.Name the brown fumes liberated when lead nitrate is heated. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 3.Explain the process of translocation of food materials in plants. 4. Explain the process of digestion in the small intestine of man. 5.Draw the diagram of a simple electric motor. Label the following parts : (i) Split rings (ii) Brushes. 6.What are structural isomers ? Name the first member of alkanes that shows structural isomerism. 7.Draw the diagram showing the longitudinal section of a flower. Label the following parts : (i) Style (ii) Anther. 8.Draw the diagram of arrangement of apparatus used to show the reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid and testing hydrogen gas by burning. Label the following parts. (i) Soap solution (ii) Delivery tube. 9.It is advantageous to connect electric devices in parallel instead of connecting them in series. Why ? 10. According to Joule’s law of heating, mention the factors on which heat produced in a resistor depends. According to this law write the formula used to calculate the heat produced. 11. List the disadvantages of using fossil fuels. 12.List the advantages of ‘reduce’ and ‘reuse’ to save environment. 13.The focal length of a concave lens is 30 cm. At what distance should the object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 20 cm from the lens ? 14. Draw the diagram of the apparatus used in the electrolysis of water. Label the following parts. (i) Graphite rod (ii) Cathode. 15. Growth of thread like structures along with the gradual spoilage of tomato can be observed when a cut tomato is kept aside for four days. Interpret the causes for this change. 16.An electric refrigerator rated 400 W is used for 8 hours a day. An electric iron box rated 750 W is used for 2 hours a day. Calculate the cost of using these appliances for 30 days, if the cost of 1 kWh is Rs. 3/-. 17.There is no change in the colour of red litmus and blue litmus paper when introduced into an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. After passing direct current through the same solution, red litmus changes to blue colour. Which product is responsible for this change ? Mention any two uses of this product. 18.A food chain in a polluted aquatic ecosystem is given. Observe it and answer the following questions. Fresh water → Algae → Fishes → Birds. (i) Which organisms are disturbed more due to biomagnification ? Why ? (ii) This ecosystem will be destroyed gradually due to biomagnification. Why ? 19.A student places a piece of cucumber, a glass piece, a banana peel and a plastic pen in a pit and closes it. What changes can be observed in these materials after a month ? Give scientific reason for these changes. 20. What is dispersion of light ? Mention the colour that bends the least and the colour that bends the most when light undergoes dispersion through a prism. 21.Mention any four phenomena that can be observed due to atmospheric refraction of light on the earth

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