Easing UPSC

This Saturday we are planning to have S&T test, you can fill the form to participate in it.

By 19 you will be done with Ancient and Modern History, then in next 5-6 days we will revise geography and Medieval History and you are done with the revision.

Modern History Targets Swadeshi movement Swadeshi Movement in India India Swadeshi Movement: Timeline and Important facts that you must know Moderates & Extremist Extremism and Revolutionary Movement in India during 1905 to 1917 History of Freedom Struggle in India Surat split The Split in the Surat Congress,1907 – SELF STUDY HISTORY Morley Minto reform The Ghadar History of the Ghadar Movement komagata Maru incident The Saga of the Komagata Maru Home Rule League movement All India Home Rule League 1915-1920 How Dr. Annie Besant was Responsible for the Home Rule Movement in India? Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League Lucknow Pact of 1916 Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1908 Indian Newspaper (incitement to offence) Act 1908 Explosive Substances Act 1908 Indian Press Act of 1910 Montagu Chelmsford Reform Government of India Act, 1919 | Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Main Features of the Act Rowlatt Act The Rowlatt Act The emergence of Gandi UNIT 10 EMERGENCE OF GANDHI* Gandhi In India Champaran Satyagraha 1917 Ahmedabad Mill Strike 1918 Kheda Satyagraha 1918 Jalianwala Bagh Massacre 1919 The Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement Khilafat Movement | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)

Vedas The Vedas Rashtrakuta Empire Rashtrakuta Dynasty Pala Rulers A Complete list of Pala Rulers and their contribution Ikshvaku Rulers Kings of Ikshvaku dynasty Ajanta Caves The Caves of Ajanta (article) | Gupta period Ellora Caves Ellora Caves Barabar Caves Why You Should Go To The Barabar Hill Caves In Bihar Nasik Caves Nashik – Steeped in Legend & History Pandav Caves Jain Philosophy Jainism Religion Indus Valley Civilization Religion and Culture https://www.ancient.eu/article/230/religious-developments-in-ancient-india/#:~:text=It%20was%20widely%20suggested%20that,as%20Hinduism%2C%20Buddhism%20and%20Jainism. The economy of Indus Valley Civilization Economy of the Indus Civilization | India | History https://theindusvalleyciv.weebly.com/economic-system.html#:~:text=Their%20wealth%20was%20based%20on,a%20swapping%20and%20bartering%20system.

Aryan Aryan Satrap System of Ancient Sakas Satrap System of Ancient Sakas in India Alexander’s invasion https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/ancient-history/alexander.php#:~:text=Alexander's%20Invasion,the%20rivers%20Jhelum%20and%20Chenab. Hoysala Monuments Hoysala Architecture Chola’s History Brief history of Chola Dynasty Indus Valley Civilization’s sculpture Centre for Cultural Resources and Training Harsha Harsha Culture And Heritage - Ancient History - Harsha Mahavira Religions - Jainism: Mahavira Gautam Buddha Siddhartha Gautama Tirthankar Religions - Jainism: History of Jainism Mauran Empire Mauryan Empire Timeline The Maurya and Gupta Empires (article) Mauryan Empire

Ancient India Coinage - https://m.rbi.org.in/Scripts/mc_ancient.aspx Badami Rock Caves Badami Caves Pulakesin II Pulakesin II – Chalukya Sohgaura Copper Plate Sohgaura copper plate inscription Mehrauli Pillar inscription Mehrauli Iron Pillar (Illustration) Buddhist literary works Prominent Buddhist Literary Works Divyavadana Divyavadana Mahaparinibban Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Gandhar, Kamboj, Kashi, Magadh (Google)

Ancient History Targets Maurya Sculpture Sculpture: Mauryan and Shungan Mathura Sculpture MATHURA SCHOOL OF ARTS, GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ARTS, AMARAVATI SCHOOL OF ARTS Bharhut Sculpture Heritage of India: Bharhut Sculptures and Bharhut Stupa Gandhara Sculpture MATHURA SCHOOL OF ARTS, GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ARTS, AMARAVATI SCHOOL OF ARTS Amravati Arts MATHURA SCHOOL OF ARTS, GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ARTS, AMARAVATI SCHOOL OF ARTS Vishakahdatta Vishakhadatta Varahmihira Varahamihira: The ancient astrologer, astronomer and mathematician Charaka Charaka Brhamagupta Brahmagupta Ancient History Terms (Kula, Vamsa, Kosa, Gotra) - Google

https://forms.gle/u7gvaUjSxi88xYsr9 Those who have appeared in the test, please fill this form

Please Make sure your camera is on and mike is off. And please join 5 minutes before the exam Mock Test Time 9:30 - 11:30 Joining Link https://meet.google.com/twr-ewpd-nmf

https://forms.gle/H9epdZmmSVeZ9kyM9 Please fill this form to give our full mock test. Test Timing 9:30 AM (13th May). You will get an invitation to participate in the test via e-mail.

TAFSIR. Explanation. The commentaries on the Quran and the science of its interpretation. Tafsir was an important branch of learning in the madrasas (q.v.). TALUKA (Taluq). A name for a subdivision of a province in the late Mughal empire. TAWHID. "Asserting oneness." A theological term that refers to the oneness of God. TEHSIL (tahsil). The collection of land revenue. Later applied to a subdivision of a district. ULAMA. Learned men, plural of alim. Used particularly for those learned in Islamic studies, or for the theologians who were guardians of Islamic custom. UMARA. Nobles. Plural of amir (q.v.). URDU. Literally, camp. The "camp-language" that grew up through an infusion of Persian, and some Arabic and Turkish, words into Hindi, the language of the Delhi region. VAKIL. See wakil. WAHHABI. Follower of the community founded by Abdul Wahhab (1703-1787) in Arabia. The aim of the Wahhabis is to purify Islam of all innovations and to return to the strict observances of Islamic law. It is the dominant sect in Saudi Arabia. The beliefs of the Wahhabis, especially the strong emphasis on the removal of all non-Islamic practices, had considerable influence in India in the nineteenth century. WAKIL (vakil). The office of the wakil or wakil-i-dar under the sultanate was concerned with the management of the royal household. In the Mughal period, however, the wakil or wakil-i-sultanat, was the chief minister, the post formerly held by the wazir (q.v.). WAQF. An endowment, usually in the form of lands, for the upkeep of a mosque, madrasa, or some other religious enterprise. WAZIR. The chief minister of the Delhi sultans. Under the Mughals, the title was sometimes used for the official in charge of revenue and finance. WIZARAT. The office of the wazir. ZAKAT. A tax collected from Muslims for charitable purposes. ZAMINDAR. Literally, "a landholder," from zamin, land. Under the Mughals, he was a revenue official who had no proprietary rights in the land from which he collected taxes. ZIMMI (dhimmi). A non-Muslim living in a Muslim state. According to a strict interpretation of the Islamic law, only Jews and Christians were eligible for the status of zimmi. Each adult male zimmi had to pay jizya (q.v.). In practice, when Muslims conquered a country they tolerated others than the "Peoples of the Scripture." This was particularly true in India, where the Hindus were treated as zimmis.

RAIYAT (ryot). Cultivator, peasant. RAIYATWARI. A system of revenue assessment and collection in which the government officials dealt with the actual cultivator, not an intermediary. RUPEE (rupiya). A silver coin introduced by Sher Shah in 1542 which became the standard unit of the Indian currency system. In 1800 it was worth about two shillings. SADR (sadar). Chief or supreme. A term especially used in connection with the chief religious offices. The sadr-ul-sadur advised the Mughal emperor on religious matters, controlled religious endowments, and had oversight of educational institutions. SAHIB. An honorific applied to titles and names, e.g., Sahib-i-barid was the chief barid (q.v.), or intelligence officer. SANAD. A charter or grant. SARKAR (sircar). A subdivision of a subah or province. The word is also used to mean simply “ the government.” SARPANCH. The head of a panchayat (q.v.). SATI. "A true wife." By extension, the term was used for a woman who immolated herself on her husband's funeral pyre. SAYYID (said, syed). A chief. Also a name used by those who claim descent from Husain, the son of Muhammad's daughter, Fatima. SEPOY (sipahi). A soldier. SHAFII. A school of Islamic jurisprudence. See fiqh. SHAIKH. “ Old man.” A term used for a Sufi (q.v.) who guided disciples. Also used to denote a caste or class among Indian Muslims. SHARIAT (Sharia). The law of Islam, comprising all the rules that govern life. SHIA. The Muslim sect that asserts the leadership of Islam is hereditary in the descendants of Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet. It is the dominant group in Iran, and is well represented in India. SHIQQ. In the sultanate, the administrative district corresponding to the later sarkar (q.v.). SIPAH-SALAR. A military rank during the sultanate, but under Akbar the name was used for a provincial governor. SUBAH. The term for the provinces into which the Mughal empire was divided. The subadar was the governor. This word was later used for the administrator of a smaller district. SUFI. An Islamic mystic. Sufism, with its emphasis on the possibility of unity with the divine, was of special importance in winning converts to Islam in India. SULTAN. King, ruler. In its early usage, the term implied dependence on the caliph (q.v.). The Delhi sultans sought recognition from the Abbasid caliphate, and even after its destruction they maintained a nominal connection with the Egyptian ruler who claimed to be the caliph. SUNNI. An inherent of the majority, or "orthodox," Islamic sect that accepted the Abbasid rulers as caliphs, in contrast to the Shias (q.v.). "Sunna" means the custom or traditions associated with Muhammad, and its usage implies that the Sunni follow the canonical tradition.

DPSPs added by Amendments of Constitution 42nd Amendment 1976 Four Directive Principles were added by 42nd amendment as follows: To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39) To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A) To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A) To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A). 44th Amendment 1978 The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added article 38(2) which said that state shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations. 97th amendment 2011 Article 43-B inserted by 97th amendment act in 2011 says that state shall endeavor to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of the co-operative societies. Further, the 86th amendment changed the subject of article 45 and brought it among fundamental rights as article 21-A for children of 6-14 age. The same article was now a directive principle to state to take care of the children below 6 years.

NAIB. A deputy, lieutenant, or assistant, as in the title, naib wazir. NAWAB. Originally used for the viceroy or governor of a province of the Mughal empire, but later used simply as a title. NAZIM. Term used for a provincial governor, particularly indicating his function as administrator of the criminal law. NIZAM. A governor, particularly the viceroy of the Deccan. PADSHAH. King, emperor. A title used by the Mughal rulers. PANCHAYAT. A traditional Indian village court (made up of five elders) that judged petty cases and controlled local affairs. PARGANA. A subdivision of the basic administrative unit, the sarkar, made up of a number of villages. PESHWA. The Chief Minister of the Maratha rulers. The office became hereditary, and in the eighteenth century the peshwa was virtually an independent ruler. PIR. The head of a Sufi order; later, a Sufi saint. QASIDA. A long, usually panegyric, poem, or ode. QAZI. The judge who administered Islamic law. Qazi-i-mumalik was the chief judge of the kingdom. QIYAS. One of the sources of fiqh (q.v.); the process of applying hadith (q.v.) to new situations by the use of analogy. QURAN (Koran). For Muslims, the Word of God. The fundamental source of fiqh (q.v.) and all rules governing human relationships.

In the following matters, the powers and status of the Rajya Sabha are equal to that of the Lok Sabha: Introduction and passage of ordinary bills. Introduction and passage of Constitutional amendment bills. Introduction and passage of financial bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India. Election and impeachment of the president. Election and removal of the Vice-President. However, Rajya Sabha alone can initiate the removal of the vice president. He is removed by a resolution passed by the Rajya Sabha by a special majority and agreed to by the Lok Sabha by a simple majority. Making recommendations to the President for the removal of Chief Justice and judges of Supreme Court and high courts, chief election commissioner and comptroller and auditor general. Approval of ordinances issued by the President. Approval of proclamation of all three types of emergencies by the President. Selection of ministers including the Prime Minister. Under the Constitution, the ministers including the Prime Minister can be members of either House. However, irrespective of their membership, they are responsible only to the Lok Sabha. Consideration of the reports of the constitutional bodies like Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, comptroller and auditor general, etc. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the Union Public Service Commission. Due to its federal character, the Rajya Sabha has been given two exclusive or special powers that are not enjoyed by the Lok Sabha: It can authorise the Parliament to make a law on a subject enumerated in the State List (Article 249). It can authorise the Parliament to create new All-India Services common to both the Centre and states (Article 312)