Study Academy

Some people argue that parents of children who break the law should be punished in some way, because they are responsible for their action. To what extent do you agree or disagree? In an era characterized by career-oriented individuals, coupled with a vigorous competition, it has become common to observe an increase in the number of dual income families. While both parents are busy with breadwinning, which renders the rise of juvenile delinquency, I feel there are several institutions, apart from parents, who are responsible for the holistic development of children. Parenthood involves several duties, children are brought up in an environment where there is great care along with passion. Therefore, punishing the custodians by imposing fines or prison terms for serious crimes committed by their offspring is unlikely to deter the crimes to be further committed. Since the main culprits are in freedom, instead of locking the individual who have parental responsibilities behind the bars, it would be a wise course of action to isolate the young criminals themselves. Not only do they pose a threat to society, but also the public safety will be under the risk. The educational establishments, particularly the secondary schools, where the adolescents attend to receive knowledge and moral lessons from their teachers, are equally responsible to for manners and behavior of teenagers. As academic atmosphere forges students to compete and interact with each other to be better prepared for an adulthood life. Parental support and unconditional love cannot ensure successful young individuals who would not violate the social norms and follow the rules. Since the world dominated by violent contents on social media, where the cyberbullying has become widespread. Replicating those habits, manners and unlawful actions is natural, as their minds act like sponges that absorbs the surroundings. Nurturing on many occasions is hardly suffice, the external influences could shape the undesirable behavior among the youth. Law enforcing entities ought to monitor the order and safety in the country through stricter punishments targeting the wrongdoers. This, in turn, deters the bullying, violence, abuse and crime. Hardly had those governmental institutions punished parents only, the world would not have been a safe place. In conclusion, only through isolating the criminal juveniles can we prevent the law breaking in society and maintain order. I contend that under no circumstances can parents be considered as culprits due to acts of children. Under no circumstances - never

✍️Introduction
 
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•  The given table compares the data about …
•  The given table examines the data about …
•  The given graph illustrates the information about …

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Teskarini tasvirlash 
✅ whereas Utah was in reverse position … 
while the opposite was true in Utah… 
✅ of particular note is noun, which verb – eng e’tiborlisi shu ki…  

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Useful vocabulary 

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•  Significant – impressive – eng ahamyatlisi, eng muhimi
•  frontrunner – dominant – eng birinchisi 
•  runner-up – ikkinchisi 
•  lead in something 
•  lead at 5%
•  Impressive        eng ko’p % yoki number  
•  Notable 
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•  Despite            ga qaramay, noun keladi. Noun dan keyin S+V 
•  In spite of 

Grammar
•  Of significance is noun, which verb. – eng e’tiborga moyil tomoni shuki …
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Adjective 
by far – orttirma darajali sifat: eng … 
•  by far the smartest, by far the lowest, by far the most intelligent, by far the cleanest. 

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Taqqoslaganda
•  in comparison with 
•  compared to                    taqqoslashda 
•  in contrast to 
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Yangi figure ni tasvirlash 
•  In terms of XXXX, S+V
•  Looking at XXXX, S+V 
•  With regard to XXXX, S+V 
•  As far as XXXX is concerned, S+V 
•  Starting with XXXX, S+V 

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•  Marginal 
•  Negligible           eng kam, eng oz 
•  Insignificant 
•  Modest 

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•  Mark 
•  Account for       foizlarni, sonlarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi  
•  Comprise 
•  Stand at 

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•  Trail behind                                      
•  Fall behind                                        ortda qolmoq
•  Follow closely by (yaqin)
•  Follow in distance by (uzoq) 
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Figuralarni takrorlamaslik uchun: 
•  The former – birinchisi 
•  The latter – 2 chisi

The given table compares the data about four categories – age, average income per person and those living below poverty line - in three states of the USA. Overall, despite California’s being the frontrunner in terms of offering impressive income, it had the highest rate of poverty among all those states, whereas Utah was in reverse position in the same two categories. Of particular note is Florida, which had the notable percentage of seniors, it stood at runner-up position in remaining categories. Of significance is the population of youth in Utah, which comprised 28%, it was by far the most significant percentage compared to other U.S states. In Utah, the proportion of the elderly had been negligible in contrast to California along with Florida. In terms of the income in Utah, it accounted for 17000 dollars, with it being the lowest; however, it marked 9%, having the marginal poverty rate amongst the listed states. In detail, minors in California together with Florida stood at almost identical percentage, the latter followed closely behind California with a mere 1%. Though the poverty rate was relatively less in Florida (12%) in comparison with that of California (16%), its population aged over 60 was almost a quarter, while California had as low as 13%. As far as the income is concerned, California led in this regard, while Florida trailed closely behind, the former having 23000 and the latter 22000. Classwork Words 234

✍️ Task 1 🟪🟩🟧🟦🟥🟪🟥 The given graph illustrates the data about the tourists’ inquiry to receive information in the UK in three different ways between January and June. Overall, oral provision of information has steadily increased until June, while mail experiences a downward trend from winter to summer. Of particular note is in person request, which surpasses both figures, with it holding a frontrunner position from mid spring to June. As far as the figure for in person is concerned, it starts from the smallest number compared to its other counterparts, accounting for over 400. It follows an upward trajectory steadily until June, overtaking all other means of requesting the information. June brings the peak number of over 1850, making it by far the most preferred approach by visitors in the UK. In terms of mail, despite holding a runner-up position initially, it declines consistently throughout the given timeframe. However, it accelerates descending from March to May. From late spring, asking for a help by visitors by email or letter plateaus. With regard to telephone, in spite of its initial lead, there had been a modest fall before it recovered. In early April, in person outraces the phone. During this period, it maintains an identical number, marking 1000. From April, telephone commences to grow again, closely following behind the in person, reaching 1600 in June. Classwork Task 1 words 221

Useful vocabulary to describe the % and numbers 
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•  Account for 
•  Comprise 
•  Stand at 
•  Mark                         bu fe’llardan % va number lar tasvirlashda, ishlatamiz. 
•  Total 
•  Make up 
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Useful vocabulary to describe the abrupt changes 

Bottom out              
Top out 
Example: Manufacturing topped out in 1980, before it followed a downward trend onwards. 

Bottom out – eng past nuqtasidan yana tepaga qarab harakatlanish. 
Top out – peak ka chiqib va yana pasayish. 

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Describing graphs with Past and Future tenses 

The given graph compares the number of individuals who were employed in three sectors in the USA from 1975 to 1982, with projections for 2030. 
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•  Ascend                           
•  Uptrend                         ko’tarilish 
•  Trend upwards
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•  Downtrend                     tushish 
•  Trend downwards 
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•  Plunge          keskin tushmoq   
•  Plummet 
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•  Follow the same pattern                      bir xil bo’lgan harakatga (fe’l)
•  Follow the identical trajectory 
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•  With projections for 2040 … 
•  is expected to Verb …                     kelasi zamonda qilinadigan bashoratlarga ishlatiladi 
•  is forecasted to Verb …
•  is anticipated to verb …
•  is projected to verb … 
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•  remain unchanged 
•  level off                     o’zgarmay qolmoq 
•  plateaued 
•  remain stable 
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•  initial – dastlab, avval 
•  frontrunner – dominant 
•  onwards – shu vaqtdan to oxirgi berilgan davrgacha 
•  commence – start, begin
•  accelerate – tezlashmoq 
•  excessively – juda, haddan ziyod 
•  impressive – eng katta son/% ko’rsatishda ishlatiladigan adj. 

Grammar 
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•  Despite          + noun, S+V. 
•  In spite of        shunga qaramay … 
Despite having clouds, it is not raining. 
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Oddiy daraja 
…. as adjective as … day … dek … 
Tom is as clever as his friend Bob. 
as dan keyin, biz oddiy daraja ishlatamiz. 
Sarah is as rich as Jeff Bezos.

The given graph compares three sources of employment in the USA from 1975 to 1982, with the projections for 2030. From an overall perspective, the agriculture trended downwards, and it is expected to decline, whereas services ascended consistently, the same pattern of growth is projected. Of particular note is manufacturing, which topped out in the early 1980s when all three figures stood at almost identical number. As far as agriculture is concerned, despite its initial frontrunner position, it plunged until 1979. It had accounted for 80 million, remaining unchanged for the first two years. However, it remained declining, and it is forecasted to see as low as 10 million in 2030. Interestingly, agriculture along with manufacturing followed the same pattern from 1980 and onwards. In terms of services, it had commenced growing gradually before its growth rate accelerated from 1979. It is anticipated to mark its peak, overtaking the two employers, the gap widens excessively among those figures, an impressive 90 million workers will be employed in this field. With regard to manufacturing, it had begun with 10 million; on the other hand, 1980 brought the peak number of 40 million. In 2030, it will mark its initial numbers, as it did in 1975.