Surgical notes

#H_S اهم الامراض للي ذكرها الدكتور #فارما

🛑تنبيه في ملخص الاندوكراين فاااااارما صفحة 14 Symptoms of Conn's syndrome : 🍀 4- metabolic acidosis ❎ 🍀 metabolic alkalosis ✅ ________________________ 🛑🛑 من صفات مدمنين ال Cocaine & Amphetamine جميعهم عدوانيين وقد يرتكبوا جرائم قتل... وايضا الAmphetamine يعطى كحبوب لمن يضربوا بالطائرات في الحروب وايضا لكي لا يتأثروا بمناظر الدماء #فارما #اللجنة_العلمية❤️

(مرض مهم تكلم عنه الدكتور عدنان داء المكيفات) Legionnaires' disease, also known aslegionellosis, is a form of atypical pneumoniacaused by any type of Legionella bacteria.[3]Signs and symptoms include cough,shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches.[2] Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur.[1] This often begins 2–10 days after exposure.[2] The bacterium is found naturally in fresh water.[4] It can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers of large air conditioners.[4] It is usually spread by breathing in mist that contains the bacteria.[4]It can also occur when contaminated water isaspirated.[4] It typically does not spread directly between people, and most people who are exposed do not become infected.[4]Risk factors for infection include older age, a history of smoking, chronic lung disease, andpoor immune function.[5][10] Those with severe pneumonia and those with pneumonia and a recent travel history should be tested for the disease.[11] Diagnosis is by a urinary antigen test and sputum culture.[6] No vaccine is available.[7] Prevention depends on good maintenance of water systems.[7]Treatment of Legionnaires' disease is withantibiotics.[8] Recommended agents includefluoroquinolones, azithromycin, ordoxycycline.[12] Hospitalization is often required.[11] About 10% of those who are infected die.[8] The number of cases that occur globally is not known. Legionnaires' disease is the cause of an estimated 2–9% of pneumonia cases that are acquired outside of a hospital. An estimated 8,000–18,000 cases a year in the United States require hospitalization.[9] Outbreaks of disease account for a minority of cases.[1][13] While it can occur any time of the year, it is more common in the summer and fall.[9] The disease is named after the outbreak where it was first identified, at a 1976 American Legion convention in Philadelphia.

#فارما bacterial infection & drugs #H_S

كل النيماتودا تتعالج ( باستثناء الا Strongeloid stercoralis ) بعلاجين 1. Albendazol جرعته ا ا ا ربعميه 400 2. Mebendazol وجرعته م م م ميه 100 ومعه تسلسل 1,2,3 1 = 100 2= twice 3 = 3 days

RivaroXaban = direct on Xa Argatroban = direct on thrombin

🔹GIT Pharmacology خارطة ذهنية لقسم الGIT

Drugs that cause hypothyroidism: 1_antithyroid drugs. 2_lithium(used for mania , bipolar disorder and recurrent depression) 3_beta interferon(used for hepatitis and multiple sclerosis) 4_amiodarone (antiarrythemic drugs) 5_resorcinol(used for treatment of leg ulcer) 6_ fluoride ion #pharma

علشان نحفظ نقاط المقارنه بين Uc و CD بنبدا نن خارج وندخل حبه حبه لبطن المريض. مريض ال IBD لمن يجي لعندك بيكون يعاني من الم في البطن اما يمين او يسار 1. abdominal pain. طيب هذا اول نقطه نقارن بها طيب لو فتحنا البطن وشفنا الامعاء معروف انه واحد بيكون في ال rectum وواحد في ileum 2 - rectal involvement. 3 - ileum involvement. من نقطة ال rectum بنطلع نقطتين 4. Rectal bleeding 5. Sparing of rectum وهولا النقطتين بيكونوا موجودات اكيد في الي يكون عنده النقطه رقم 2. طيب لو عملنا section عرضي وطولي في السكشن الطولي مابشوف طبقات الامعاء بس بيفيدني هذا بنقطتين 6. Distribution( هذه اشوف هل هو منتشر ع جزء كبير دفيوز يعني او ع مكان واحد ) 7. Skip areas وهذه كمان نفس الفكره طيب في السكشن العرضي🔵 ايش بشوف... اكيد lumen & layers طيب في الاليومن بستفيد نقطة التضيق 8. stricture وفي layers بستفيد نقاط كثير 9. Mucosal atrophy & regeneration 10. Fistula 11. Fissuring 12 .involvement ( transmural , transdermal) 13. Crypt abcess طيب بقية النقاط بنلمهن بحاجتين ميكروسكوبي وتيومر - microscopy 14. Cytoplasmic mucin 15. Edema 16. Granulation 17. Lymphoid aggregate 18. Hyperemia 19. L.N - Tumor 20. Colon carcinoma #باثو_ عبدالله الذبحاني

المواضيع المهمة في ال GIT : Q)Differentiate between ulcer and erosion? صفحه 9 Tumer of salivary gland صفحه 23 Defense mechanism صفحه 25 الاثنين الجداول مهمه جدا صفحه 28 الجدول مهم جدا جدا Q)write short account on gastric carcinoma? صفحه 30 Acute abdomen(Main causes) صفحه 31 Acute appendicitis (pathogenesis and morphology) صفحه 32 Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis صفحه 47 IBD موضوع مهم Crohn's disease موضوع مهم Q) Extra Intestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease? صفحه 51 الجدول مهمه جدا جدا صفحه 53 Q) Compare between the neoplastic polyps or write short account? صفحه 55 Colorectal carcinoma مهم 54 familial polyposis syndrome 56 adenoma carcinoma sequence مهم 58 Staging system of cancer colon مهم(Mcq) #باثو

مواضيع :- anticancer , anticoagulant , antiplatelet & hyperlipidemia D.M حالي علشان اختبار الشفوي بس يلم الموضوع والمراجعة اللي هي صبح الإختبار #فارما 💛

🥛Milk-alkali syndrome 🥛 is caused by the ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, with resulting hypercalcemia. ... This syndrome was originally recognized in the 1920s during administration of the Sippy regimen, consisting of milk and bicarbonate, for treatment of peptic ulcer disease.( CaCo3) Burnett's syndrome is far-advanced milk-alkalisyndrome and due to long-standing calcium and alkali ingestion. It is characterised by severe hypercalcaemia, irreversible renal failure, and phosphate retention. ... The patient is treated by withdrawal of excessive calcium and alkali intake. #فارما

Schiller–Duval body is a cellular structure seen by microscope in endodermal sinus tumors (yolk sac tumors) characterized by the presence of a central vessel, surrounded by epithelial tumor cells and fibrous tissue #باثو #الدكتورة_منية

هنا مكتوبات مثل الملزمة.. بس الدكتور عكس بينهم Jc : Progressive multifocal Luekoencephalopathy Bk: Heamorrhagic Cystitis, Nephropathy #فيروسات

🛑HPV cannot be caltivated in vitro 🛑 virus that transmitted through birth canal :- HSV- 2 🛑 Human Papilloma virus: Causes cervical carcinoma with genotype 16 ,18 ? Because the virus produce oncoproteins integrated on DNA E6 binds to P53 E7 Binds to Rb Inactivation of This Tumor suppressor genes , Increase mitosis, tumor 🛑 there is some strains of small pox with America and Russia, they may use them in the Bio terrorism. 🛑 Oncolytic viral therapy is a new strategy by which ... There are Viral strains that kill the malignant cells , And stimulate the Immune system ? How ? When this virus infect the Tumor , it replicates itself untill the cell burst , ( Lysis of Tumor ) then the product of Bursting tumor cell initiate the immune response ! 🛑 Hydrops fetalis may be Because , infant infected by Parvovirus B19 , Or due to RH incompatibility #فيروسات #مايكرو