Surgical notes

🔹Disease:- Wegener's disease 🔹features:- we can't see the blood vessel wall (there's distruction of the wall and invasion to the surrounding tissue) *specific feature:- necrotizing granuloma ( epitheloid cells and neutrophil at the middle)

نجي الان لاخر جزء في ال vasculitis 🤓 3) small size vasculitis:- هنا العكس They are the same at clinical features but they are different histologically "-" هنا نتوقع بيكون معانا more systemic disease even the lung is effected 1] wegener's granulomatosis:- نستطيع تمييزها ب:- necrotizing granuloma يعني في granuloma(epitheloid cells) وفي وسطها neutrophil infiltration (pus) We can't see the blood vessel wall. -it affect upper and lower RT, kidney. -the arteioles - capillaries and the surrounding C.T. are also affected. 🔴 necrosis is occur>> perforation of nasal septum - perforation of septum between oral and nasal cavities 2] microscobic polyangitis:- يشبه ال PAN الذي يصيب ال medium size -we can see necrotizing vasculitis or fibrinoid necrosis (but rare) *specific feature:- Leukocyto clastic fragmentation vasculitis وهذه العلامه ما تظهر الا في هذا النوع وتعني انه احنا بنشوف مثلا النيتروفل مقسمه مثلا lobe مع شوية cytoplasm وكذا يعني fragments 😐 3] churg streuss syndrome:- Specific feature:- esinophilia سواء كان داخل ال tissue Or at the blood

🔹Disease:- polyarteritis nodosa or kawasaki 🔹features:- appears of general features of vasculitis fibrinoid necrosis (واضحه اكثر) and necrotizing vasculitis

🔹Disease:- polyarteritis nodosa or Kwasaki. 🔹features:- -general features of vasculitis observed -necrotizing vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis.

نجي الان لل 2]medium size vasculitis:- -the both are histologically the same:- ايش نشوف في السلايد Necrotizing vasculitis or fibrionid necrosis or both 🔸necrotizing > means pus (agreggate of neutrophils) 🔸fibrinoid necrosis> amorphus - structurless fibrin mass # Clinically:- 1]PAN:- -يصيب اي عمر ولكن ليس الاطفال. -multi systemic disease affect all organs :- kidney -GIT - skin ... except lung. - there is heamaturia - proteinurea -GIT bleeding -skin rash & lymphadenopathy. 2]Kawasaki:- -affect neonate . -Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome:- 1)mucocutaneous rash. 2)lymphadenopathy. 3)fever. 🔴 في الشرائح لا نستطيع التفريق بين النوعين الا clinically Child >> kawasaki 30 years >> PAN

🔹Disease:- Temporal Giant cell arteritis or Takayasu vasculitis . 🔹Features:- Granulomaus vasculitis with giant cells infiltrating the lumen واضحه في هذه الصورة

🔹Disease:- Temporal Giant cell arteritis or Takayasu vasculitis هنا نذكر المرضين لانه زي ما قلنا مانقدر نفرق بينهم الا clinically 🔹Features :- The general features of vasculitis واضحه :- 1)thickening of the wall 2)narrowing of the lumen 3)leukocyte infeltrate specific feature:- granulomatus inflammation with giant cells

قبل ما نبدأ بشرح كل نوع لازم نعرف 🔴The general features of Vasculitis:- 1]Thickening of the wall. 2]Narrowing of the lumen. 3] leukocyte infeltration هذي العلامات بنشوفها بكل نوع 😊 نبدأ الان بشرح كل نوع وايش المميز فيه وكيف نعرف نفرق بينهن بالشرائح 1] large size vasculitis:- -microcobic features both are the same :- الاثنين متشابهين تحت المجهر طيب ايش نشوف ؟! It characterized by Giant cell infltrate the wall ▶️ Granulomatus inflammation هذي علامة مميزه لهذا النوع ( specific histologic feature) طيب كيف بقدر افرق بين النوعين🧐 ؟! -They are different clinically 1]Temporal Giant cell arteritis:- -affect temporal artery and it's branshes. So:- المريض يعاني من : chronic headache -tenderness - blindness -affect old patients. 2]Takayasu:- -affect arch of aorta and it's branches. -so the problem at vessels which supply upper limb (pulsless) علامة مميزة

B] inflammation disease:- (vasculitis) نقدر نقسمها الى قسمين بحسب السبب infectious &Non infectious 🔹infectious:- - it caused more by syphilis -it is rare, because all immune cells are at the blood يعني انتحار بالنسبه للميكروب ولكن قد يحصل vasculitis بسبب ميكروب في حالة انه المناعة صارت ضعيفه 😐 بنفس الوقت هذا سلاح ذو حدين صحيح انه صار محمي من ال infection ولكن صار اكثر عرضة لل Auto immune 🔹 Non infectious :- (Autoimmune) -Common -Classification according to the size of the effective blood veesels:- نبدأ بالتقسيمه وبعدين بنشرح كل واحد ع حده 😊✌🏻 1) large size vasculitis:- 1- Takayaso. 2- Temporal Giant cells arteritis. 😌 الاثنين يبدأوا بحرف ال T 2)Medium size vasculitis:- 1- polyarteritis nodosa 2-Kauasaki 3)small size vasculitis:- 1-Microscobic polyangitis. 2- Wegener granulomatosis. 3- Churg-strauss syndrome. 🔹نتحدث اولاً عن ال Buerger disease:- -هذا المرض مرتبط بال Smokers -ويصيب ال artery &vein and nerve ككل -المريض يجي وفيه edema at the upper limb And may loss of sensation because obstruction by the inflammed artery and vein.

🔹phathology:- كالعاده نبدأ بال:- A]Congenital Anomalies:- 1)Arterio-venous malformation: Formed mass ▶️ يعني شبكة من الأوعية الدموية متشابكة مع بعض ويحصل (Blood stasis) 2]Arterio venous shunt (Fastula): -It's abnormal connection between artery and vein -it's common -it's may be acquired by trauma or by theraputic:- علاجية مثل :- Urine dialysis غسيل الكلية 🤓the normal connection between artery and vein is Capillary 3]Berry aneurysm:- 🔴Aneurysm:- is abnormal permanent segmental dilatation of the arterial wall. -Berry aneurysm: is Congenital dilatation of one of the branshes of circle of willis at the brain. -it is Asymptomatic. -but if it rupture by any cause (trauma) ▶️ it will lead to fatal intracerebral heamorrhage ▶️ Sudden death.

مساااكم الله بالخير 🌸 موضوع اليوم بنتحدث فيه عن ال vascular system وعن الامراض المتعلقة فيه 😊 طبعاً ال vascular system 📌هو الأهم وذلك لأنه يرتبط بجميع ال systems of the body So: اي خلل فيه سيؤثر على الأجهزة الأخرى في الجسم 📌50% من الوفيات بسبب مضاعفات لأمراض ال vascular system مثل ال atherosclorosis and hypertention ●Start with Basics:- 🔹Anatomy:- *Arterial part:- Aorta > large artery > medium a. > small a. >arterioles *Capillaries *Venous part:- Vanules > small veins > medium v. > large v. > sup. &inf. Vena cava 🔹Histology:- 3 layers •• Intima - media - advintitia 1] intima composed of :- a) endothelial cells (single layer of flat squemous cells). It's function:- promote permability of B.V. , promote disturbance of clotting factors ) b) Subendothelial C.T. 2] media :- multiple layers of smooth muscle. 3] Adventatia :- C.T. contains (Arterial supply , veinus draining , nerve supply ). 🤔 كيف نقدر نفرق بين different size of Arteries ؟؟ By it's thickening of media (it disappear at capillaries) 🔹physiology:- Transmission the blood whole over the body

Pathology Lab :- ⭐️ Vascular Pathology 🌟 #معمل_باثو #مجموعة_الباثو

#Renal_pathology #H_S

🔖Pyelonephritis : - It is the inflammation of renal parenchyma and calyx. - It is of 2 types : acute and chronic - The most common causes are : 1- Ascending UTI and pelvic inflammatory disease. 2- Caused by hematogenous spread of severe infection 🔖Risk factors : 1- Urinary tract obstruction with stasis of urine secondary infection. 2- In females (due to the short urethra). 3- Pregnancy (compression on urethra). 4- Benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) 5- Vesico-ureteral reflex 6- Calculi. For more detalis about it is type look to picture👇🏻 #Renal_pathology #H_S

طبعا من هنا وبعد شرائح من موضوع اليوم GIT ركز عليهم الدكتور أكثر شي .. و يمكن يجوا بالامتحان #سلايدات #معمل_الباثو

طبعا الثنتين يحصلوا في ال Gastric Gland الفرق ان :- Fundic polyp :- it is a hyperplasia of the gland without the Dysplastic Change Adenoma :- Dysplastic changes of the glands > pre- cancerous #سلايدات #معمل_باثو

Adenoma / polyp of Fundic gland الفرق بين ال

طبعا أهم ميزتين للتفريق بينهم :- الثننين بنلاحظ فيهم Area of Necrosis 1- Benign :- يسار Inverted Edges with normal thikness , regular necrosis 2- malignant:- يمين Everted Edges , Thickned Irregular #سلايدات #معمل_باثو

في هذي الصوررتين الفرق بين ال benign and malignant Ulcer

هذي ال Form of Secondary lymphoid follicle