OPTIMUM CRYPTO

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በአማራ ክልል ለ37 ሺህ 55 ተማሪዎች ከነገ ጀምሮ የ12ኛ ክፍል ብሔራዊ ፈተና ይሰጣል። ፈተናው ከነገ ጥር 24/2014 ዓ.ም ጀምሮ ለአራት ተከታታይ ቀናት እንደሚሰጥ የክልሉ ትምህርት ቢሮ ገልጿል። ፈተናው በሰሜንና ደቡብ ወሎ ዞኖች፣ በኦሮሞ ብሔረሰብ ዞን አስተዳደር እና በደሴ ከተማ አስተዳደር ይሰጣል ተብሏል፡፡ ፈተናው በዋግ ኽምራ ዞን ከአበርገሌ ወረዳ በስተቀር በሁሉም ወረዳዎች፣ በሰሜን ሸዋ ዞን ሶስት ወረዳዎች እና በሰሜን ጎንደር ዞን በአንድ ጣቢያ እንደሚሰጥ ቢሮው አሳውቋል። በኦሮሚያ ክልል ከምስራቅ እና ምዕራብ ወለጋ ዞኖች ተፈናቅለው ለመጡ 220 ተማሪዎችም በቡሬ ከተማ በተዘጋጀ የፈተና ጣቢያ ፈተናው እንደሚሰጥ ተገልጿል። ለብሔራዊ ፈተናው ከሚቀመጡ ተማሪዎች መካከል 34 ሺህ 970 የሚሆኑት መደበኛ ተማሪዎች ሲሆኑ ቀሪዎቹ የግል ተፈታኞች ናቸው ተብሏል። በፀጥታ ችግር ምክንያት በመጀመሪያ ዙር ሳይፈተኑ ለቀሩ ተማሪዎች የሚሰጠው ፈተና፤ በአጠቃላይ በ129 ጣቢያዎች እንደሚሰጥ ቢሮው ጠቁሟል። ©tikvahuniversity ====== ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE ╔════════════╗ 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy ╚════════════╝ ⇲

በአማራ ክልል ለ37 ሺህ 55 ተማሪዎች ከነገ ጀምሮ የ12ኛ ክፍል ብሔራዊ ፈተና ይሰጣል። ፈተናው ከነገ ጥር 24/2014 ዓ.ም ጀምሮ ለአራት ተከታታይ ቀናት እንደሚሰጥ የክልሉ ትምህርት ቢሮ ገልጿል። ፈተናው በሰሜንና ደቡብ ወሎ ዞኖች፣ በኦሮሞ ብሔረሰብ ዞን አስተዳደር እና በደሴ ከተማ አስተዳደር ይሰጣል ተብሏል፡፡ ፈተናው በዋግ ኽምራ ዞን ከአበርገሌ ወረዳ በስተቀር በሁሉም ወረዳዎች፣ በሰሜን ሸዋ ዞን ሶስት ወረዳዎች እና በሰሜን ጎንደር ዞን በአንድ ጣቢያ እንደሚሰጥ ቢሮው አሳውቋል። በኦሮሚያ ክልል ከምስራቅ እና ምዕራብ ወለጋ ዞኖች ተፈናቅለው ለመጡ 220 ተማሪዎችም በቡሬ ከተማ በተዘጋጀ የፈተና ጣቢያ ፈተናው እንደሚሰጥ ተገልጿል። ለብሔራዊ ፈተናው ከሚቀመጡ ተማሪዎች መካከል 34 ሺህ 970 የሚሆኑት መደበኛ ተማሪዎች ሲሆኑ ቀሪዎቹ የግል ተፈታኞች ናቸው ተብሏል። በፀጥታ ችግር ምክንያት በመጀመሪያ ዙር ሳይፈተኑ ለቀሩ ተማሪዎች የሚሰጠው ፈተና፤ በአጠቃላይ በ129 ጣቢያዎች እንደሚሰጥ ቢሮው ጠቁሟል። ©tikvahuniversity ====== ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE ╔════════════╗ 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy ╚════════════╝ ⇲

Ayu's Therapy 🤷‍♂ነጥብ ተመለሰ አልተመለሰ ብላችሁ ለምትሸበሩ የተዘጋጀ Therapy 😎Part - 1😎 ©በ ንስር Academy (@Neser_Academy) 🙋ውጤቱን በ ጭንቀት አትቀይሩትም፣ይልቁንስ መቀየር የምትችሏቸው ነገሮች ላይ ትኩረት አድርጉ! እነሱም:- 1⃣ፀልዩ🙏 🇪🇹የ ሀገራችን ሰላም የሚመጣው በጥይት፣በ አሜሪካ፣ በተ.መ.ድ ወይም በ facebook አይደለም፤ይልቁንስ በአንተ ጸሎት እና በ አንቺ ዱዓ ነው፤ስለዚህ በርትታቹ ጸልዩ አላህ ኢትዮጵያን ይባርክልን እግዚአብሔር እናት ሀገራችንን ይጠብቅልን በሉ። 2⃣የወደፊት ህይወታቹን ሳሉት💭 🤔Bro ስለ ወደፊትክ አስበክ ታቃለክ፤እስቲ የ ዛሬ 10 አመት የት ነው ምሆነው በልና ራስክን ጠይቅ፤አንቺም ብትሆኚ ወደፊት ስለምትመሠርቺው ቤተሰብ አስቢ እስኪ ከዛ እርግጠኛ ነኝ ብዙ ጥያቄዎችን ታገኛላቹ ለነዛ ጥያቄዎች መልስ በመፈለግ ግዜያቹን አሳልፋት። 3⃣Adventure🏙 🚌የከተማ ልጆች ወደ ገጠር ወጣ በሉ እስኪ አያታችሁ፣አጎታችሁ ወይም አክስታችሁ ጋር ሂዱ ስልካቹን ዝጉት ሁሉንም ነገርም ተውትና እዛ ከሚገኙት እረኞች ጋር ተጫወቱ ፤ ከብትም ጠብቁ ፤እንስራ ይዛቹ ወደ ወንዝ ሂዱ አንዳንዶቻችሁ ደግሞ ቡና ማፍላት የ ተራራ ያህል የሚርቃባችሁ አላቹ😂 ፣ የምን መዝረክረክ ነው It is the time for that sis በይ ጠንክረሽ ከ ቡና እስከ ዶሮ አሰራር ተማሪ፨ 🌞በቃ በ አየሩ ፤ በወንዙ ፤በተራራው ፈታ በሉ ደግሞ ጠንቀቅ በሉ የገጠር ሸበላ እንስት ሲያይ ካልጠለፍኩ ነው ሚለው😂🤣 አንዷ ወዳጄ እንደዚ እያረገች ነው ፣ እና ምን ያክል አሪፍ ግዜ እያሳለፈች እንደሆነ አትጠይቁኝ! ✨ገጠር ያላቹ ደገሞ ወደ ከተሜው ዝለቁ፤በ መሂናው ግርግር ፤ በ ከተሜው ሰው መሯሯጥ ፤ በመኪናይቱ ጩኸት አጃኢብ ነው እያላችሁ ተደነቁ። 3⃣ ቋንቋ ልመዱ 👉በአሁን ግዜ እዚ አለም ላይ ትልቁ መሳሪያ ቋንቋ ነው እንደውም የሆነ ግዜ ኢንግሊዛዊቷ ጸሃፊ Angela Carter ይህን ብላ ነብር"Language is power,life and the instrument of culture,the instrument of domination and liberation" እናማ ወዳጆቼ Akkam bultee ከመይ ኣለኽን مرحبا እያላቹ ተለማመዱ ምናልባት የገቢ ምንጫችሁም ሊሆን ይችላል። 🤝Part -1 በዚሁ አበቃን በ ቅርቡ በ Part -2 እንመለሳለን እስከዛ ድረስ Peace✋ ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE ╔════════════╗ 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy ╚════════════╝ ⇲

🎲 Quiz 'Biology Test grade 11 & 12' created by https://t.me/Neser_Academy 🖊 10 questions · ⏱ 15 sec

We schedule Biology Test for tomorrow's(tuesday) night,who us ready? I am ready - 36 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍 94% Please postpone it - 3 👍 7% I am not ready - 2 👍 5% 👥 38 people voted so far.

ዛሬ ትምህርት ቤት English አስተማሪ Handsome ማለት ምን ማለት ነው ብሎ አንዱን ሲጠይቀው "እጅ ከምን" ማለት ነው ብሎ መለሰለት እስቲ የገባው😂

ቤተሰቦች ሰሞኑን ጠፋው አይደል....በጣም ይቅርታ 🙏 በአዲስ መልክ ልመጣ ብዬ ነው። ንቃተ ሒሊና ለ Entrance part 1 📝Guys እኔ Motivational Speaker አይደለሁም ግን በቃ ከ አንድ ጀለሳቹ ጋር እያወራቹ እንዳላችሁ አድርጋችሁ አስቡት🙌 🤜አሁን ጊዜው አስራ አንደኛው ደቂቃ ላይ ደርሷል በምንም መንገድ መዘናጋት የለብንም።እሄን ስላቹ ግን Over ተጨነቁ ማለቴ አይደለም ልተጠቀመበት አሁንም ጊዜ አለ💪 ✅በዚህ ጊዜ ትኩረታቹን ሙሉ ለሙሉ ማንበብ ላይ ብታደርጉ ተመራጭ ይሆናል✏️ ✅አደራ የምላችሁ ነገር ደግሞ በአሁን ጊዜ መዝናናትን ቀነስ በማድረግ ንባቡ ላይ ማተኮር ይኖርባችኋል 🙏 📂እኔ በጣም እርግጠኛ ነኝ የዚህ ቻናል member የሆናቹ አሪፍ ውጤት እንደምታመጡ እና የሀገር ኩራት እንደምትሆኑ። አስቡት እስኪ የምትፈልጉት Campus ገብታቹ የምትፈልጉትን field ስትማሩ ከዛም በትምህርታችሁ ለ እራሳችሁ፣ ለቤተሰቦቻቹ እና ለሀገራችሁ ጠቃሚ ሰው ስትሆኑ። 👱‍♂እሽ bro ድሮ Maths ትፈልጥ ነበር Biology,civics,Geography ምናምን ሁሉንም በደምብ ታነብ ነበር እና አሁን ለምን ተውከው? አጥና እንጂ የምን መፍዘዝ ነው፤አስበው ከአመታት በኃላ ጋወንክን ገርግደክ በ ታዋቂ ሆስፒታሎች ውስጥ ስትሰራ 👧የአንቺማ አይወራም ቆይ ለምንድነው ማታነቢው ።ቤተሰቦችሽ እኮ በጣም ተስፋ ጥለውብሻል፣ታዲያ ለምን እራስሽን አጠንክረሽ በፕሮግራም አታነቢም?ከቤተሰብ መራቅ አትፈልጊም አይደል በቃ ጥሩ ውጤት ካመጣሽ እዛው ስድስት ኪሎ ትመደቢያለሽ።ግን ይሄ እንዲሆን ጥሩ ውጤት ማምጣት አለብሽ 🧑‍🦱እሽ ጭሱ ምንሼ ነው እንደዚ ችከላ መጥላት፤ እረ ጀለስካ ከምር አይነፋም። እንዴትም ብለሽ ችከላው ላይ በት በት በይበት፣ቆይ እሺ እዛ ግቢ ሄደሽ አሪፍ ቺክ መጥበስ ትፈልጊ የለ.....ፓሪ ደግሶ እሽኮሎሌ ማለት? አዎና እሄም ቢሆን ያለ ችከላ ወፍ የለም ባባ ያቺን ላይፍ ለማግኘት አሁኑኑ ማንበብ ጀምር 👶አንተኛው ደግሞ ፍቅር እና ትምህርት አንድ ላይ እንደማይሄድ እያወክ በ ፍቅር የወደከው አሁንማ Calculation ስትሰራ እንኳን የመጨረሻ መልስክ እሷ እየሆነች ተቸግረካል Bro ለሁሉም ግዜ አለው እኮ አሁን ግዜው የ ንባብ እና የመለወጥ ነው። ⚡️የሰዉ ልጅ የሆነ ፈተና ሲገጥመው ሁለት ምርጫዎች አሉት አንደኛው ፈተናውን ተጋፍጦ ወደ ስኬት ማማ ላይ መውጣት ነው ይህ ምርጫ ለጊዜው በጣም አድካሚ እና አሰልቺ ሊሆን ይችላል በግዜ ሂደት ውስጥ ግን ፍሬ ማፍራት ይጀምራል ሌላኛው ምርጫ ደግሞ ለ ፈተናው እጅን በመስጠት ባሉበት መቆየትን መምረጥ ነው በዚህኛው ምርጫ ላይ ለውጥ ማለት የሰማይን ያህል የራቀ ነገር ነው። 👏ሁላችንም የመጀመሪያውን ምርጫ በመምረጥ ለአላማችን እንኑር የዛሬው መልዕክቴ ነው👏 👮‍♂Mr.Aዩ ነበርኩኝ በቀጣይ እስክንገናኝ መልካም ግዜን ተመኘሁ🙏 ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE ╔════════════╗ 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy ╚════════════╝ ⇲

Facebook changes its company name to Meta. The Facebook app will keep its name, and Meta will refer only to the parent company (just like Alphabet is parent company for Google) that also owns other apps such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Oculus. Facebook app will be one of the products of Meta. ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE ╔════════════╗ 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy 📚JOIN: @Neser_Academy ╚════════════╝ ⇲

🗣ዶናልድ ትራምፕ አዲስ የሶሻል ሚዲያ ሊያቋቁሙ ነው! 🤳የቀድሞው የአሜሪካ ፕሬዝደንት ዶናልድ ትራምፕ የራሳቸው የሶሻል ሚዲያ ሊያቋቁሙ መሆኑን ሰሞኑን ገልፀዋል። 📲ዶናልድ ትራምፕ Trump Media & Technology Group በሚል አዲስ ኩባንያ የመሰረቱ ሲሆን የዚህ ኩባንያ የመጀመርያው ፕሮጀክት የሚሆነው TRUTH Social የተባለ አዲስ የሶሻል ሚዲያ ማቋቋም እንደሚሆን ባሳለፍነው ረቡዕ በተሰራጨው ዜና ተገልጿል፡፡ 🖥TRUTH Social ልክ እንደ ፌስቡክ የማህበራዊ ትስስር ዲጂታል መድረክ ሲሆን ሰዎች መረጃ(በፎቶ፤በፁሁፍ፤በቪድዮ) የሚለዋወጡበት መድረክ ይሆናል ተብሏል፡፡ 💻አዲሱ TRUTH Social እስከሚቀጥለው ዓመት ወደ ስራ እንደማይገባ የተገለፀ ሲሆን እስከዛው ድረስ ግን በ WWW.TRUTHSocial.com ድረገፅ አማካኝነት አባሎች መመዝገብ መጀመሩን ተጠቅሷል። 📝Credit:Dotcom tv show ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

ንስር notes🦅📝 ⚡️Bond Length 🤜It is defined as the equilibrium distance between the centres of the nuclei of the two bonded atoms. It is expressed in terms of A. 🧨Experimentally, it can be defined by X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method. 🔥Bond Angle 👉It is defined as -the angle between the lines representing the orbitals containing the bonding – electrons. It helps us in determining the shape.It can be expressed in degree. 📈Bond angle can be experimentally determined by spectroscopic methods. 🌟Bond Enthalpy It is defined as the amount of energy required to break one mole of bonds of a particular type to separate them into gaseous atoms. ▶️Bond Enthalpy is also known as bond dissociation enthalpy or simple bond enthalpy.Unit of bond enthalpy = kJ mol-1 ✨Greater the bond enthalpy, stronger is the bond. 🤌For e.g., the H—H bond enthalpy in hydrogen is 435.8 kJ mol-1.The magnitude of bond enthalpy is also related to bond multiplicity. ✨Greater the bond multiplicity, more will be the bond enthalpy. 🤌For e.g., bond enthalpy of C —C bond is 347 kJ mol-1 while that of C = C bond is 610 kJ mol-1. 👉In polyatomic molecules, the term mean or average bond enthalpy is used. 🔗Bond Order ✒️According to Lewis, in a covalent bond, the bond order is given by the number of bonds between two atoms in a molecule. ⏯For example, Bond order of H2 (H —H) =1 Bond order of 02 (O = O) =2 Bond order of N2 (N = N) =3 🔺Isoelectronic molecules and ions have identical bond orders. For example, F2 and O22- have bond order = 1. N2,CO and NO+ have bond order = 3. With the increase in bond order, bond enthalpy increases and bond length decreases. 🪄Resonance Structures ➡️There are many molecules whose behaviour cannot be explained by a single-Lew is structure, for example, Lewis structure of Ozone(O3). ☄Thus, according to the concept of resonance, whenever a single Lewis structure cannot explain all the properties of the molecule, the molecule is then supposed to have many structures with similar energy. Positions of nuclei, bonding and nonbonding pairs of electrons are taken as the canonical structure of the hybrid which describes the molecule accurately. For 03, the two structures shown above are canonical structures and the III structure represents the structure of 03 more accurately. 💫This is also called resonance hybrid. 💥Polarity of Bonds Polar and Non-Polar Covalent bonds ☀️Non-Polar Covalent bonds When the atoms joined by covalent bond are the same like; H2, 02, Cl2, the shared pair of electrons is equally attracted by two atoms and thus the shared electron pair is equidistant to both of them. Alternatively, we can say that it lies exactly in the centre of the bonding atoms. As a result, no poles are developed and the bond is called as non-polar covalent bond. The corresponding molecules are known as non-polar molecules. ❄️Polar bond When covalent bonds formed between different atoms of different electronegativity, shared electron pair between two atoms gets displaced towards highly electronegative atoms. 💧For Example, in HCl molecule, since electronegativity of chlorine is high as compared to hydrogen thus, electron pair is displaced more towards chlorine atom, thus chlorine will acquire a partial negative charge (δ–) and hydrogen atom have a partial positive charge (δ+) with the magnitude of charge same as on chlorination. Such covalent bond is called polar covalent bond. All rights reserved ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

ንስር notes🦅📝 🤝Covalent Bond—Lewis-Langmuir Concept 👉When the bond is formed between two or more atoms by mutual contribution and sharing of electrons, it is known as covalent bond.🤝 ▶️If the combining atoms are same the covalent molecule is known as homoatomic. If they are different, they are known as heteroatomic molecule. 🔥Lewis Representation of Simple Molecules (the Lewis Structures) ➡️The Lewis dot Structure can be written through the following steps: 🔢(i) Calculate the total number of valence electrons of the combining atoms. 💫(ii) Each anion means addition of one electron and each cation means removal of one electron. This gives the total number of electrons to be distributed. ✨(iii) By knowing the chemical symbols of the combining atoms. 💥(iv) After placing shared pairs of electrons for single bond, the remaining electrons may account for either multiple bonds or as lone pairs. It is to be noted that octet of each atom should be completed. ⚡️Formal Charge 🤜In polyatomic ions, the net charge is the charge on the ion as a whole and not by particular atom. However, charges can be assigned to individual atoms or ions. These are called formal charges. 🤌Limitations of the Octet Rule 🗣(i) The incomplete octet of the central atoms: In some covalent compounds central atom has less than eight electrons, i.e., it has an incomplete octet. for example: Li : Cl H : Be : H Li, Be and have 1 and 2 valence electrons only. 🗣(ii) Odd-electron molecules: There are certain molecules which have odd number of electrons the octet rule is not applied for all the atoms. 🗣(iii) The expanded Octet: In many compounds there are more than eight valence electrons around the central atom. It is termed as expanded octet. 🤦‍♂Other Drawbacks of Octet Theory 🙋‍♂(i) Some noble gases, also combine with oxygen and fluorine to form a number of compounds like XeF2 , XeOF2 etc. 🙋‍♀(ii) This theory does not account for the shape of the molecule. 🙋(iii) It does not give any idea about the energy of The molecule and relative stability. NEXT... ⚡️Bond Angle💫 ⚡️Bond Length🧍 ⚡️Bond Enthalpy✨ ⚡️Bond order and 🔸 ⚡️Resonance Structure💢 To be continued....... ©All rights reserved ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

⚛Factors Affecting the Formation of Ionic Bond 🤜(i) Ionization enthalpy: As we know that ionization enthalpy of any element is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom to convert it into cation. Hence, lesser the ionization enthalpy, easier will be the formation of a cation and have greater chance to form an ionic bond. Due to this reason alkali metals have more tendency to form an ionic bond. For example, in formation of Na+ ion I.E = 496 kJ/mole While in case of magnesium, it is 743 kJ/mole. That’s why the formation of positive ion for sodium is easier than that of magnesium. Therefore, we can conclude that lower the ionization enthalpy, greater the chances of ionic bond formation. 🔥(ii) Electron gain enthalpy (Electron affinities): It is defined as the energy released when an isolated gaseous atom takes up an electron to form anion. Greater the negative electron gain enthalpy, easier will be the formation of anion. Consequently, the probability of formation of ionic bond increases. For example: Halogens possess high electron affinity. So, the formation of anion is very common in halogens. ⚡️Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon following factors: ☀️(i) Size of the ions: Smaller the size, greater will be the lattice energy. ✨(ii) Charge on the ions: Greater the magnitude of charge, greater the interionic attraction and hence higher the lattice energy. 📝General Characteristics of ionic Compounds 🌪(i) Physical State: They generally exist as crystalline solids, known as crystal lattice. Ionic compounds do not exist as single molecules like other gaseous molecules e.g., H2 , N2 , 02 , Cl2 etc. ❄️(ii) Melting and boiling points: Since ionic compounds contain high interionic force between them, they generally have high melting and boiling points. 🍶(iii) Solubility: They are soluble in polar solvents such as water but do not dissolve in organic solvents like benzene, CCl4etc. 🔦(iv) Electrical conductivity: In solid state they are poor conductors of electricity but in molten state or when dissolved in water, they conduct electricity. 🧬(v) Ionic reactions: Ionic compounds produce ions in the solution which gives very fast reaction with oppositely charged ions. 🗣Covalent Bond—Lewis-Langmuir Concept....... To be continued..... ©All rights reserved ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

🎲 Quiz 'Chemical Formulas by t.me/Neser_Academy' 🖊 5 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

🗣ዉድና የተከበራቹ የጅማ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ተማሪዎቻችን ከዚህ በፊት የመግቢያ ቀን ይፋ ሢሆን እናሣዉቃቿለን ብለን ቃል በገበንላቹ መሠረት የመግቢያ ቀን ጥቅምት 22/02/2014 መሆኑን በአክብሮት እናሣውቃቹሃለን። 🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻 🗣Kabajamtoota fi jaallatamtoota barattoota keenyaa akkuma kanaan dura guyyaan galumsaa yoo ifa tahe isin beeksifna jennee turre guyyaan galumsaa onk.22/2/2014 tahu isaa kabajaan isin beeksifna. 🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻 Credit : Jimma university students union If there is any change we will inform you have a nice time. ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

ሰላም ቤተሰቦች👐እንዴት ናችሁ? 🦅ለናንተ አዳዲስ ነገር ማሳየት የማይደክማት ንስር ዛሬ ደግሞ በናንተው አስተያየት መሠረት ቅመም የሆነች ኖት እንሆ ትላቸዋለች 👌 ☀️Chemical bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Notes Chemistry Chapter 3 📝Chemical Bond The force that holds different atoms in a molecule is called chemical bond. • Octet Rule Atoms of different elements take part in chemical combination in order to complete their octet or to attain the noble gas configuration. • Valence Electrons It is the outermost shell electron which takes part in chemical combination ➡️In Chemical Bonding 🤜Formation of an anion and cation by the halogens and alkali metals are formed by gain of electron and loss of electron respectively. 🤜 Both the negative and positive ions acquire the noble gas configuration. 🤜The negative and positive ions are stabilized by electrostatic attraction. 🔥Types of Chemical Bonds 📝By the transfer of electrons: The chemical bond which formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another is termed as electrovalent bond or ionic bond. 📝By sharing of electrons: The bond which is formed by the equal sharing of electrons between one or two atoms is called covalent bond. In these bonds electrons are contributed by both. 📝Co-ordinate bond: When the electrons are contributed by one atom and shared by both, the bond is formed and it is known as dative bond or co-ordinate bond 📝Metallic Bond: It is formed by the interaction of delocalised electrons and metallic nuclei(nucleus). 1⃣Ionic or Electrovalent Bond 👉Ionic or Electrovalent bond is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Generally, it is formed between metals and non-metals. We can say that it is the electrostatic force of attraction which holds the oppositely charged ions together. ✨The compounds which is formed by ionic or electrovalent bond is known as electrovalent compounds. For Example, , (i) NaCl is an electrovalent compound. 🌟Na+ ion has the configuration of Ne while Cl– ion represents the configuration of Ar. (ii) Formation of magnesium oxide from magnesium and oxygen. ⚡️Electrovalency: 💥Electrovalency is the number of electrons lost or gained during the formation of an ionic bond or electrovalent bond. Factors Affecting the Formation of Ionic Bond....... To be continued.... ©All rights reserved ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE

Features of Dergue National Shengo (National Assembly) Ethiopia Table of Contents The constitution's most detailed sections related to the central government's organization and activities. In these sections, the document described the various state organs and explained their relationship to one another. The supreme organ of state power was the National Shengo (National Assembly). Its responsibilities included amending the constitution; determining foreign, defense, and security policy; establishing the boundaries, status, and accountability of administrative regions; and approving economic plans. The National Shengo was also responsible for establishing the Council of State; the Council of Ministers, ministries, state committees, commissions, and state authorities; the Supreme Court; the Office of the Prosecutor General; the National Workers' Control Committee; and the Office of the Auditor General. In addition, the National Shengo elected the president and officials of the Council of State and approved the appointment of other high-ranking authorities. Candidates to the National Shengo had to be nominated by regional branches of the WPE, mass organizations, military units, and other associations recognized by law. Balloting for seats in the National Shengo was required to be secret, and all individuals eighteen years of age and above were eligible to vote. Elected members served five-year terms, and the body met in regular session once each year. These sessions were usually public but might on occasion be held in camera. In 1987 the National Shengo had 835 members. ንስር Academy ❗️ 🦅ከፍ እንደ ንስር! 🔗SHARE 🔗SHARE