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Question 9
OF MILITARY INTERVENTIONS
Centrals, hes are the lacos that tad to coup d'Etals in forces
1. Military Factors: It is argued that when the armed forces feel threatened or are adversely affected by the policies and actions of civilian governments, they resort to coup d'états to topple the civilian regimes.
2. Mismanagement of the Economy: Most civilian mismanage the economies of their countrics. This makes others desire to check and correct the mismanagement. This usually
leads to coup d'états.
3. Desirc of Lcaders to Remain in Power: Some leaders desire to remain in power always and so they manipulate the electoral process to remain in power. This usually results in dictatorship. For example, Nkrumah's administration. Thus the military intervene to make
way for others.
4. The Over Ambition of Soldiers: Some soldiers are simply ambitious to wield the overall power of the state and so resort to coups to make their dreams come true. For instance, the
17 April, 1967 abortive coup which led to the death of General E. K. Kotoka of the ruling N. L. M.
5. The Desire of the Opposition to Capture Political Power: When the opposition desire to capture Political power through unconstitutional means, they conspire with the military to remove the sitting civilian government and hand over power to them.
6. Corruption in High Offices: When politicians become corrupt and use their offices to amass wealth unduly. The military intervene to check the politicians.
7. Interference in Justice Delivery: Interference by the ruling party in the work of the judiciary is also cited as a cause for military take-over.
8. Tribalism: Domestic, tribal and social antagonisms can end in a coup d'état. When a particular tribe is favoured in all spheres, the government becomes exposed to coup d'états.
9. Internal Conflicts: When there is conflict among politicians who form the government, it may end up in coup because there is the fear that they may lose focus.
10. External Factors: Sometimes powerful nations induce the military in weaker states to stage a coup d'état so that these powerful states will help establish a puppet government which will make it easier to exploit the resources of the weaker state or impose an ideology on it.
11. Human Rights Violations: When a government starts to rule arbitrarily without regard for the constitutional rights of the citizens, it paths the way for coup d'états.
@beastexams
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Question 7
(I) Provision of environmental services:
The local authorities make sure that the environment is cleaned. They provide refuse/dust bins to prevent littering the environment. They employ cleaners to clean the market, lorry station and gutters.
(ii) Provision of social amenities:
The local authorities provide schools, clinics, markets, feeder roads and electricity to improve living condition of the people in their localities.
(III) They maintain law and order in the local Area:
The local authorities maintain law and order.
This is done by passing bye-laws to control the behaviour of the people in the localities.
The local authorities are in charge of security in the localities.
(IV)Enact bye-laws
They enact bye-laws to regulate the affairs of the localities and the activities of the denizens while they maintain law and order and mobilize funds to finance local development.
(V) Implement central government policies
Local authorities implement central government policies within their localities.
Thus, they help to decentralize the administration of a state.
@beastexams
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3a.Deliberation
One of the major functions of a legislature is to discuss and debate issues of major importance to society.This activity can take place in two forms. In debating legislatures, such as the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the floor of the legislature frequently sees lively debate.In contrast, in committee-based legislatures like the United States Congress, deliberation takes place in closed committees.
Legislation
While legislatures have nominally the sole power to create laws, the substantive extent of this power depends on details of the political system.
Authorizing expenditure
The origins of the power of the purse which legislatures typically have in passing or denying government budgets goes back to the European assemblies of nobility which the monarchs would have to consult before raising taxes
Making governments
The power of the legislature over the government is stronger.
Oversight
There are several ways in which the legislature can hold the government accountable, including questioning, interpellations, and votes of confidence.
@beastexams
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Government ditto ditto ditto 🎉🎉✅✅✅💯💯💯
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1b.One is promoting the interests of their voters.
They also draw up party programmes.
enabling citizens to better access the services they need, and to understand the boundaries and limitations of different public bodies, building confidence and optimism
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1.a
A democratic government is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. People participate in a democratic government in the following ways:
1. Voting in elections: People vote for the candidate of their choice for running the government.
2. Expressing their views through the media: People voice their opinion about the government in power and can question them.
3. Holding direct protests and strikes: People have the power to change the government and protest through strikes if the government does not function according to the general will of the people
2 740
PAPER 2
EssAY
[60 marks]
l questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
ELEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT
swer two questions only from this section.
ignnght fhve major measures if adonted can improve Public Sector pertormance
in Nigeria.
Outline five major functions of a democratic legislature in Nigeria.
Explain five reasons for which the Electoral Management Body is considered as
an anchor of democracy:
Identify five major features if present and functioning are indication of a strong
democracy in a state.
ldentify th ree basic ways in which people participate in a democracy.
(a)
(b)
In what three ways is political participation beneficial to the democratic
process in Nigeria?
@beatexams
2 740
(1ai)
Manual Data Processing; This data processing method is handled manually. The entire process of data collection, filtering, sorting, calculation, and other logical operations are all done with human intervention and without the use of any other electronic device or automation software.
(1aii)
Mechanical Data Processing; Data is processed mechanically through the use of devices and machines. These can include simple devices such as calculators, typewriters, printing press, etc. Simple data processing operations can be achieved with this method.
(1aiii)
Electronic Data Processing
Data is processed with modern technologies using data processing software and programs. A set of instructions is given to the software to process the data and yield output.
(1b)
(i)Data collection; Collecting data is the first step in data processing. Data is pulled from available sources, including data lakes and data warehouses.
(ii)Data preparation; Once the data is collected, it then enters the data preparation stage. Data preparation, often referred to as “pre-processing” is the stage at which raw data is cleaned up and organized for the following stage of data processing. During preparation, raw data is diligently checked for any errors.
(iii)Data input; The clean data is then entered into its destination (perhaps a CRM like Salesforce or a data warehouse like Redshift), and translated into a language that it can understand
