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NOVDEC GOVERNMENT TRIAL QUESTIONS 1. Outline five processes by which a bill becomes law in a presidential system of government, State five factors that can limit the independence of the Judiciary Highlight any four features of fascism. State five factors that can limit the independence of the Judiciary. Highlight any five roles of minority parties in a multi-party democracy. Identify any five roles performed by the Mass Media in nation building. Identify five causes of the 1948 riots in Ghana. Mention three former French colonies in West Africa. Identify four qualifications for assimilation of indegenous Africans into French citizenship. Outline five positive effects of colonialism on West Africa. State five functions of the president under the 1979 Constitution of Ghana. What is National Interest? Outline four objectives of your country's foreign policy.

*NOVDEC (2023): ENGLISH LANGUAGE* *COMPREHENSION* ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ *6. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions on it.* ) Five decades ago, my classmates lured me into a trap that taught me the lesson of a lifetime. As the class monitor, I was informed that the class had decided not to do the homework given to us by the Geography teacher. The decision was based on three grounds. First, she had not taught us anything substantial since her arrival in the school. Second, we must let her know that in this all - male institution, a female should not push us around. Also, she seemed forever inaudible when teaching us. So, my mates mandated me to convey the decision to her. Thus sent, I confronted her with our decision. All she said was, 'noted' I assumed we had won the day. Alas! How wrong I was. When she came to class the following Monday, she demanded the homework. As I stood up to restate our stand, behold, all my mates took out their notebooks and submitted them. It was the odd one out in the class of thirty - five boys! This act of betrayal left me speechless. Any protest now was out of the question. The teacher led me to the overgrown part of the football field, measured out a large portion, and ordered me to clear it before returning to either the class or the dormitory. I realised I had been stabbed in the back, as I heard my mates laugh sarcastically in the classroom. I bent down with my sharpened cutlass, determined to finish the work within the day and regain my freedom in good time. How wrong I was! My father has chosen that day of all days to pay a visit. He rarely did so, as the school in Tamale was far from Accra, his base. Not finding me in class, he asked after my whereabouts. My mates described to him my heinous crime and directed him to my punishment post. When he arrived, he took the cutlass from me, cut a big cane and gave me the flogging of my life. He then went to the bursar's office, paid the balance of my fees, and returned to Accra with all the provisions he had brought for me. I finished the task just before the last school hour, went to the lady teacher, prostrated myself, and tearfully apologised to her. But for the rest of week, and indeed many more days, I stayed aloof from my mates.

BIOLOGY TRIAL QUESTION FOR NOVDEC SECTION A_ *1. (a)* Explain *briefly* how soil water gets to the leaves of a plant. *(b)* State *five* reasons for classifying organisms. *(c)* Explain *briefly* how the following structures of mammals are adapted to their functions: *(i)* veins; *(ii)* arteries. *2. (a) (i)* Define enzymes. *(ii)* State *five* characteristics of enzymes. *(b)* Describe *briefly* the role of the pancreatic juice in the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in mammals. *(c)* A student fractured a leg, the leg was put in a cast and the student was advised to drink plenty of milk and spend some time under the sun. Explain *briefly* the reason for the instructions. *(d)* State *five* ways in which photosynthesis is of importance to humans. *3. (a) (i)* Name *three groups* of microorganisms. *(ii)* Give *one* example of each group. *(iii)* State *four* ways by which microorganisms can be controlled. *(b)* List *four* abiotic factors that affect an animal living at the bottom of the sea. *(c) (i)* List *three* human activities that may lead to extinction of species in an area. *(ii)* State *three* adverse of the extinction of a plant species on humans. *4.* In maize species, starchy grain *(GG)* is dominant to sugary grain *(gg)*. *Two* pure maize varieties were crossed, one grown from a starchy grain and the other grown from a sugary grain. *(a) (i)* With the aid of genetic diagram, determine the phenotype of *F1* grains. *(ii)* The *F1* grains grew into mature plants and were allowed to self pollinate. What is the expected ratio of starchy to sugary grains on the cobs borne on the *F2* plants? *(b)* If the total of *F2* grains collected is *580*, how many of these would be expected to be: *(i)* starchy; *(ii)* sugary

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3a. Four distinguishing features of a composite cone, also known as a stratovolcano, are: 1. Steep sides: Composite cones have steep, symmetrical sides due to the alternating layers of hardened lava, ash, and volcanic debris. 2. Conical shape: They typically have a cone-shaped structure, with a pointed summit. 3. Explosive eruptions: Composite cones are known for their explosive eruptions, which can be highly destructive. 4. Composite composition: They are formed from layers of both lava flows and pyroclastic material, such as ash and volcanic rocks.

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Legal Framework: South Africa has a well-defined legal framework for mining operations, including clear regulations for exploration, extraction, and environmental management. The legal framework provides stability and predictability for investors in the gold mining sector. Investment and Technology: The South African government has actively encouraged foreign and domestic investment in the mining sector. This has led to the adoption of modern mining technologies and equipment, increasing efficiency and safety in gold mining operations.

Question 8 ai) Witwatersrand Basin: The Witwatersrand Basin, often referred to as the "Wits," is one of the world's largest gold-producing regions. It is located in the northeastern part of South Africa, primarily in the Gauteng province. The cities of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni are at the center of this basin. The Witwatersrand Basin has been a major source of gold production in South Africa for more than a century. Barberton Greenstone Belt: The Barberton Greenstone Belt, located in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, is another historically significant gold mining area. It is known for its greenstone-hosted gold deposits, including the Sheba Gold Mine and the Fairview Gold Mine, which are some of the oldest gold mines in the country. ii) One of the prominent seaports used for the export of gold in South Africa is the Port of Durban. Durban is one of the major ports in the country and serves as a crucial gateway for various exports, including gold and other commodities. It is located on the eastern coast of South Africa, providing access to international markets via the Indian Ocean. The Port of Durban plays a vital role in facilitating the export of minerals and other goods from South Africa to destinations around the world. 8b) Shaft Sinking: The process begins with the excavation of a vertical shaft that can extend to depths of several kilometers. These shafts are typically circular and lined with concrete or steel to provide structural support and prevent collapse. The shafts are also equipped with cages or elevators to transport miners and equipment. Ventilation and Safety: Due to the extreme depths involved, maintaining proper ventilation and safety measures is crucial. Ventilation systems are installed to provide fresh air and remove hazardous gases, ensuring the safety of miners working deep underground. Horizontal Drifting: Once the shaft reaches the desired depth, horizontal tunnels, known as drifts or cross-cuts, are created to access the gold-bearing ore bodies. These drifts connect to the main shaft and allow miners to reach the gold deposits. Stoping: The actual mining process involves extracting the gold-bearing ore from the rock using various methods. One common method is stoping, where miners remove ore from the walls and ceilings of underground chambers or stopes. Explosives may be used to break up the rock. Haulage and Hoisting: After the ore is extracted, it is transported to the surface using conveyor belts, skips, or other haulage systems. The ore is then hoisted to the surface using the shaft's elevators. Processing and Refining: Once on the surface, the ore undergoes processing to extract the gold. This typically involves crushing, grinding, and chemical processes to separate the gold from other minerals and impurities. The resulting gold concentrate is then further refined into pure gold. 8c) Rich Reserves: South Africa is blessed with abundant gold reserves, particularly in the Witwatersrand Basin, which is one of the world's largest and deepest gold-bearing regions. The presence of extensive, high-grade ore deposits has made gold mining economically viable. Geological Diversity: South Africa's geology is diverse, with a range of geological structures conducive to gold deposition. This geological diversity has led to the discovery of multiple gold deposits throughout the country. Mining Expertise: South Africa has a well-developed mining industry with a history of skilled labor and expertise in deep-level mining techniques. The country's mining companies have decades of experience in gold extraction and processing. Infrastructure: The country has a well-established infrastructure network, including roads, railways, and ports, which facilitates the transportation of equipment, supplies, and gold products to and from mining operations. This infrastructure is crucial for the efficiency of the industry.

More Solutions ....Q1 AND 5

Qn2 a) First - Cost-Effective for Bulk Cargo: Water transport is often more cost-effective for transporting large quantities of bulk cargo, such as coal, minerals, and grains, as it can carry significant volumes in a single voyage. Second - Energy Efficiency: Water vessels, particularly large ships, are generally more energy-efficient than trains, especially over long distances, which can lead to lower fuel costs. Third - No Congestion: Waterways are generally less congested than railroads, reducing the risk of delays and allowing for smoother cargo flow. Four - Global Connectivity: Water transport provides access to international markets, making it ideal for global trade and long-distance shipping. Five - High Capacity: Large cargo ships have high cargo carrying capacity, allowing for economies of scale in shipping, which can lead to reduced costs per unit of cargo. b) Firstly, Infrastructure Challenges - Developing and maintaining rail infrastructure can be costly, and many developing countries may lack the funds and technical expertise required. This can lead to outdated or poorly maintained rail networks. Secondly - Limited Coverage: Rail networks in developing countries may be concentrated in urban areas, leaving vast rural regions underserved or inaccessible by rail. This limits the potential benefits of rail transport for the entire population. Third - Aging Equipment: Many developing countries rely on aging and outdated rolling stock and locomotives, which can lead to operational inefficiencies, higher maintenance costs, and safety concerns. Fourth - Inadequate Maintenance: Due to budget constraints, rail tracks and equipment may not receive regular maintenance, resulting in safety hazards and reduced operational efficiency. Five: Inefficient Operations - Poor management and operational practices can lead to inefficiencies in cargo handling, scheduling, and ticketing systems, affecting the overall reliability of rail services.

Qn1 a) Several factors can promote tourism in Tropical Africa: Firstly, Natural Beauty: The region boasts stunning landscapes, including lush rainforests, pristine beaches, savannahs, and unique wildlife like gorillas and elephants, which attract nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. Secondly, Cultural Diversity: Tropical Africa is home to diverse cultures, languages, and traditions, offering tourists opportunities to experience different ways of life, music, dance, and art. Thirdly, Historical Sites: Historical landmarks like the pyramids of Egypt, ancient cities, and colonial-era architecture provide insight into the continent's rich history. Fourth, Adventure Tourism: Activities such as safaris, trekking, mountain climbing, and water sports draw adventure seekers to places like Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. Fifth, Warm Climate: The region's tropical climate, with plenty of sunshine, makes it an attractive destination for those seeking warmth and relaxation. Sixth, Hospitality and Friendliness: African hospitality is renowned worldwide, making tourists feel welcome and fostering positive experiences. b) While tourism can bring significant economic benefits to Tropical Africa, it also presents several challenges and problems: One: Environmental Degradation: Overdevelopment of tourist infrastructure, deforestation, pollution, and habitat destruction can harm the delicate ecosystems and wildlife in tropical regions. Two - Cultural Erosion: Mass tourism can lead to the commercialization of traditional cultures, eroding authentic cultural practices and values. Three - Economic Disparities: Tourism often concentrates wealth in specific areas, leading to economic inequalities between tourist destinations and other regions. Four - Inflation: An influx of tourists can drive up prices for goods and services, making them less affordable for residents. Five - Infrastructure Pressure: Tourism can strain local infrastructure, such as roads, water supply, and sewage systems, leading to congestion and inadequate services.

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WASSCE 2023 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY TRIALS FOR CANDIDATES. 1a)Name two natural lakes and artificial lakes ii)With the aid of suitable diagrams, describe how any types of of natural lakes are formed. III) With specific examples, explain 3 importance of lake to mankind Iv)With the aid of diagram and with reference of one example in each case, describe the formation,lakes by the two of the ff.process à) River deposition ii)Vulcanicity III)Wind erosion B)What is Isopleths? Ii)List any 6 examples of Isopleths III)State the weather elements that are used to measure the list Isopleths in (2ii) 2a)What is a plateaux? Ii)Name two types of plateaux III)In what 4 ways are plateaux important to mankind Iv)State 3 effects of mass wasting V) Explain the term volcanicity? Bi)Draw a diagram of the relief if the ocean floor showing the following Ocean deep Continental slope Continental shelf Ii) Describe the main characteristic's of any of two features shown III) Highlight the economic importance of continental shelves to man.

Human Geography try (a) Highlight three characteristics of manufacturing industries in Tropical Africa. [6 marks] (b) State three ways by which manufacturing industries contribute to the economic development of Tropical Africa. [6 marks] (c) Outline four problems facing industrial developments in Tropical Africa. [8 marks] 2. (a) Outline four ways in which urban settlements differ from one another. [8 marks] (b) Outline three factors that have contributed to the high population density in Japan. [6 marks] c) State three problems resulting from the high population density in Japan. [6 marks] 3. (a) Identify four ocean routes used in world trade. [4 marks] (b) In what four ways has water transportation contributed to economic developments? [8 marks] (c) Outline four ways of improving transportation on inland water ways. [8 marks] 4. (a) Describe three characteristics of subsistence agriculture in Ghana. [6 marks] (b) Outline four advantages of subsistence agriculture. [8 marks] (c) Highlight three disadvantages of subsistence agriculture. [6 marks] 5. (a) Draw a sketch map of Ghana. [2 marks] On the map, locate and name one area important for the manufacturing of: (i) cement; [2 marks] (ii) cocoa products; [2 marks] (iii) flour. [2 marks] (b) Highlight three benefits of large-scale manufacturing industries in Ghana. [6 marks] (c) Outline three advantages which large-scale manufacturing industries have over small-scale manufacturing industries. [6 marks] 6. (a) Draw a sketch map of Ghana. [1 mark] On the map, show and name one area each where the following minerals are mined. (i) gold; [2 marks] (ii) crude oil; [2 marks] (iii) bauxite. [2 marks] (b) Describe the process of mining gold in Ghana. [5 marks] (c) Identify four problems affecting the mining industry in Ghana.

1. C. decrease the demand for milk. 2. D. localization of industry. 3. D. Abundance of skilled manpower. 4. A. $55. 6. B. the profit motive encourages hard work 7. C. the size of land is constant 8. B. the increase in wages is greater than the productivity of labour 9. B. price elastic. 10. D. cost of raw materials 11. B. specialization 12. A. competitive supply. 13. A. payments made for no work done. 14. D. a more than 20% increase in the quantity supplied. 21. B. they are regressive in nature. 22. D. loss of revenue by members from import and export duties. 23. A. gross domestic product (GDP). 24. B. plan to make huge profits. 25. D. proportional. 26. C. over populated. 27. B. disguised unemployment. 28. D. Special Drawing Right. 29. A. real cost. 39. B. diversifying her economy. 40. C. free and unhindered trade. 41. C. secondary sector. 42. B. usefulness of the commodity to the consumer. 43. A. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 44. B. is geographically mobile in the long-run. 46. A. the prices of exports exceed that of imports. 47. C. socialist economy. 48. B. raise prices of goods. 49. A. Statutory corporation. 50. A. he alone is responsible for the debts of the company

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