English-vinglish

📖Dars #126 Some va any so'zlarining qo'llanishi I qism ✳️ some - biroz ma'nosida sanalmaydigan (Uncountable) , bir qancha ma'nosida sanaladigan koʻplikdagi otlar oldidan darak gaplarda keladi. 🔸There is some milk in the fridge. 🔸I met some interesting people at the party last night. ✳️ any - hech qancha ma'nosida inkor gaplarda, biroz, birqancha ma'nosida esa soʻroq gaplarda sanaladigan ko'plikdagi va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan qoʻllaniladi. 🔸I haven't got any stamps. 🔸Have you got any money on you? 🔸We haven't any milk at home, you should buy some. ✳️Mazkur so'zlarga taalluqli qo'shimcha qoidalar: 1️⃣ If qatnashgan shartli gaplarda any va undan yasalgan soʻzlar (anything/anybody...) ishtirok etadi. 🔸If you have any problems, you can discuss them with your group leaders. (Agar sizning biror muammoingiz boʻlsa, uni guruh rahbarlaringiz bilan muhokama qilishingiz mumkin) 🔸If you see anyone, tell them that Tom has arrived. 2️⃣ Iltimos va taklif ma'nosidagi soʻroq gaplarda esa some qoʻllaniladi. Bu vaziyatda soʻroq gapdagi taklif va iltimos ohangini oddiy soʻroq gapdagi soʻrash ohangidan farqlay bilish lozim. 🔸Have you got any money? (Puling bormi?...oddiy soʻroq gap) 🔸Can you lend me some money? (Menga biroz pul qarzga berolmaysanmi?...iltimos) 🔸Could you post some letters for me? (Men uchun bir necha xatlarni joʻnata olasizmi?... iltimos) 🔸Would you like some coffee? (Kofe ichasizmi?...taklif) 🔸Can you give me some information about the hotels in Khiva? 3️⃣ Savol berayotganda ijobiy (yes) javobi kutilganda ham soʻroq gaplarda some va undan yasalgan so'zlar (something/somebody...) soʻzlari qoʻllaniladi. 🔸Tom is on his hands and knees and looking for something under the table. You ask him: Why are you under the table? Have you lost something? (Nimaga stol tagidasan? Biror narsa yoʻqotib qoʻydingmi?...Uning javobi ha boʻlishini kutib, shu savolni beramiz.) 4️⃣ any xohlagan, xohlagan bir degan ma'noda birlikdagi otlar bilan darak gaplarda qoʻllaniladi. 🔸I am free all day. Come any time you like. (Men kuni bilan boʻshman. Xohlagan paytingiz kelavering) 🔸You can buy these maps at any petrol station. They all have them. (Siz bu xaritalarni xohlagan AYOQSHdan sotib olishingiz mumkin. Ularning hammasida bor) 5️⃣ some soʻzi ba'zi degan ma'noda hamma turdagi gaplarda, shu jumladan, inkor gaplarda ham qoʻllanishi mumkin. 🔸Some people don't like flying. (Ba'zi odamlar samolyotda uchishni yoqtirishmaydi) 6️⃣ some + son birikmasida taxminan degan ma'noda ham qoʻllaniladi. 🔸There were some fifty people at the party. (Ziyofatda taxminan 50 tacha odam bor edi) @english_vinglish_uz

Verb + preposition+gerund ✳️ Ingliz tilida koʻp fe’llar predlog (ko'makchi) bilan qoʻllaniladi va oldingi mavzudagi qoidaga koʻra predlogdan keyin fe’lning gerundiy shakli qoʻllanishi kerak. Quyida eng koʻp qoʻllaniladigan fe’llar va ulardan keyin keladigan predloglar keltirilgan. ✅ succeed in - muvaffaqiyat qozonmoq 🔸 Have you succeeded in finding a job yet? (Ish topishni uddasidan chiqdingizmi?) ✅ insist on - qat’iy turib olmoq 🔸 They insisted on paying for the meal. ✅ think of/about - oʻylamoq 🔸I am thinking of buying a house. ✅ dream of/about - orzu qilmoq, tush koʻrmoq 🔸I wouldn’t dream of asking them for money. ✅ approve of - ma’qullamoq 🔸She doesn’t approve of gambling. ✅ decide against - qarshi qaror qilmoq 🔸We have decided against moving to London. ✅ feel like - xohlamoq 🔸Do you feel like going out tonight? ✅ look forward to- intizorlik bilan kutmoq 🔸I am looking forward to meeting her. ✅ apologise for - kechirim soʻramoq 🔸You must apologise for not telling the truth. ✅ object to - qarshi boʻlmoq 🔸I really object to being charged for parking. ⚠️Eslatma: Yuqoridagi feel like birikmasidagi like soʻzi koʻmakchi hisoblanadi. ⚠️ Yuqoridagi yulduzchali fe'llarda predlogdan keyin gerundiydagi ish-harakat bajaruvchisi ham koʻrsatilishi mumkin. 🔸She doesn't approve of me gambling. (U mening qimor oʻynashimni ma'qullamaydi.) 🔸We are all looking forward to Liz coming home. (Biz hammamiz Lizning uyga kelishini intizorlik bilan kutmoqdamiz.) ✳️ Quyidagi jadvalda esa verb +object+preposition+gerund qurilmasida qoʻllaniladigan fe'llar keltirilgan. ✅ congratulate sb (on) - tabriklamoq 🔸 I congratulated Ann on passing the exam. ✅ accuse sb (of) - ayblamoq 🔸They accused me of telling lies. ✅ suspect sb (of) - shubhalanmoq 🔸Nobody suspected the man of being a spy. ✅prevent sb (from) - oldini olmoq, to'xtatmoq 🔸What prevented him from coming to see us? ✅ stop sb (from) - oldini olmoq, toʻxtatmoq 🔸The police stopped us from leaving the school. ✅thank sb (for) - minnatdorchilik bildirmoq 🔸 I thanked them for helping me. ✅forgive (for) - kechirmoq 🔸Please, forgive me for not writing to you. ✅warn sb against - ogohlantirmoq 🔸They warned us against buying the car. ✳️ stop somebody from doing something qurilmasida from predlogini tushirib qoldirish mumkin. 🔸You can't stop me from doing what I want. 🔸You can't stop me doing what I want. ✳️Yuqoridagi fe'llardan bir nechtasi majhul nisbatda ham qoʻllaniladi. 🔸I was accused of telling lies. 🔸The man wasn't suspected of being a spy. 🔸We were warned against buying the car.

✳️ Collocations of the day 👌 ✳️ Bugungi postimizda 'invitation' (taklif, taklifnoma) so'zi bilan bog'liq collocationlarni o'rganamiz. ✅ formal/kind/open invitation - rasmiy/muloyim/ochiq taklif 🔸 An unlocked door is an open invitation to any burglar. (Qulflanmagan eshik har qanday o'g'ri uchun ochiq taklif) ✅ dinner/party/wedding invitation - kechki ovqatga/ziyofatga/to'yga taklif 🔸 Thanks for the invitation to your birthday party. (Tug'ilgan kuningiz ziyofatiga taklifingiz uchun rahmat) ✅ to get/have/receive/accept an invitation- taklifnoma olmoq/qabul qilmoq 🔸He accepted the invitation to attend the seminar. (U seminarga qatnashish taklifini qabul qildi) ✅ to decline/turn down/reject an invitation - taklifni rad etmoq 🔸I must sadly decline your invitation. (Men qayg'u bilan taklifiningizni rad etishga majburman) ✅ at sb's invitation - birovning taklifiga binoan 🔸He is here to give a concert at the invitation of the British Council. (U Britaniya Kengashi taklifiga binoan konsert berish uchun bu yerda) @english_vinglish_uz

So'zlashuv uchun yangi iboralar to'plami 🚩Mavzu: Aralash gaplar 💥 Can you spare me a moment? - bir daqiqa vaqt ajrata olasizmi? 💥 Could you do me a favor? - menga yordam bera olasizmi? 💥 Don't take it to heart - yuragingizga yaqin olmang 💥 Forget it - ahamiyat bermang 💥 How come? - qanday bunday? 🚩 Mavzu: Uyqu 💥 Be fast asleep - tez uxlab qolmoq 💥 Fall asleep - uxlab qolmoq 💥 Have a good time - vaqtingizni yaxshi o'tkazing 💥 Have a lie-in - yotoqda dumalab yotish 💥 Have a nap - mizg'ib olmoq 💥 Have insomnia - uyqusizlik kasallligi 💥 Have nightmares - qo'rqinchli tushlar ko'rish 💥 Sleepwalk - uyquda yurib chiqish 💥 Snore - xurrak otmoq 💥 Talk in your sleep - uyquda gapirish 💥 Wake up - uyg'onmoq @english_vinglish_uz

🔸1. Alternative questions. Or bilan yasalgan savollar, 2 kishi yoki narsadan birini tanlash uchun beriladi. Bu savollar ham garchi yordamchi fe’l bilan boshlansa ham, to'liq javob talab qiladi. Do you live in Tashkent or in Samarkand? -> I live in Samarkand. Where do you study: at college or at lyceum? -> I study at lyceum. Does she like jogging or swimming? -> She likes jogging. 🔸3. Tag questions (Disjunctive questions) Tasdiq so'roq gaplar deb bir kishining o'zi aytgan gapiga o'zi tasdiq talab qilib savol berishiga aytiladi. Ya’ni har bir aytgan oxirida shundaymi? shunday emasmi? deb tasdiq so'raydi. Tasdiq so'roq gaplar ikki qismdan iborat bo'lib, 2 – qismdagi gapning egasi ya’ni olmoshi 1-qismdagi gap boshidagi olmoshga bog'liq. 2 – qism birinchi qismdagi zamon va yordamchi fe’lga qarab o'zgaradi. a)Agar tasdiq gapda 1-qism bo'lishli bo'lsa, 2-qism bo'lishsiz bo'ladi. b)Agar tasdiq gapda 1-qism bo'lishsiz bo'lsa, 2-qism bo'lishli bo`ladi. F. ex. a) Tom can swim, can’t he? Mike and Tom speak Italian, don’t they? Me and my friends used to speak Irish, didn’t they? Tom must finish his work, mustn’t he? 🖍🖍🖍Istisno holat: I am a pilot, aren’t I? F.ex. b) Tom can’t walk, can he? We mustn’t say so, must we? Tom and his friends didn’t go swimming, did they? @english_vinglish_uz

#TYPES_OF_QUESTIONS. 🔸1. General questions (Yes/ No questions) Bu turdagi so'roq gaplar yordamchi yoki modal fe’llar bilan boshlanadi. “mi” – sorogiga javob beriladi va javob berish “Yes”, “No” ni talab qiladi. F.ex. Have you been there? – Yes, I have. Shall I begin? – do, please. Would you please open the door? - Yes, sure./ Certainly/ Why not? Would you like a cup of tea? No, thanks Can you please pass it? -Yes, please Yuqoridagicha savol berilganda ko'pchilik hollarda shall/could/would/can bilan javob berilmaydi. 🔸. Special questions (Wh. questions/ Information questions) 🔸2. What, Where, When, How often, who, which kabi so'zlar bilan boshlanadigan so'roq gaplar maxsus so'roq gaplar deyiladi. Bunday so'roq gaplarga to'liq javob beriladi. F.ex: What shall I have to do? I have to move ahead. Who is waiting for you? Tom is. Who? bilan savol berganda agar biz egaga savol bersak qisqa javob berishimiz mumkin. Boshqa paytda to'liq javob talab qilinadi. F.ex. -Who came to see you? -Tom did. Who can swim? -I can. Who is Mr. Brown? -I am. Who? bilan biz to'ldiruvchiga savol bersak, to'liq javob beramiz. (kimni degan ma’noda) -Who are you waiting for? ( Siz kimni kutyapsiz?) -I’m waiting for you. (Men sizni kutayapman) Savol qaysi zamonda va qanday yordamchi fe’l (modal fe’l) bilan berilayotgan bo'lsa, o'sha zamon va o`sha yordamchi fe’l (modal fe’l) bilan javob beriladi. Tom went to the shop to buy a cassette. Why did Tom go to the shop? Who went to the shop? Where did Tom go? What did Tom buy? @english_vinglish_uz

♻️Belgilash olmoshlari Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida all, half, each, every, both, either, neither, another, other(s) kabi belgilash olmoshlari (Defining Pronouns) ishlatiladi. all hamma(si), barcha(si) All are present. Hamma bor. All the boys are here. Hamma bolalar shu yerda. All his children are here. Uning hamma bolalari shu yerda. half yarim, yarmi(si) Half a loaf is better than none. Yarimta non yo‘qdan ko‘ra yaxshiroq. each (one) har, har bir(i), har qaysi(si) Each summer they go to the country. Har yoz ular qishloqqa borishadi Each of the students has own textbook. Har bir talabaning o‘z darsligi bor. (yoki Talabalarning har biri o‘z darsligiga ega.) Each one of the books is on the table. Kitoblarning har biri stol ustida. every har, har bir, har qaysi Every student has his own text-book now. Endi har bir talabaning o‘z darsligi bor. both ikkala(si), har ikka￾la(si), ikkovi, har ikkovi Both the children are asleep. Ikkala bola (ham) uxlayapti. Yoki Bolalarning (har) ikkalasi uxlayapti. either ikkala, har ikkala If either of my brothers wins the race, I will be happy. Agar ikkala akam poygani yutsa, baxtiyor bo‘lardim. Do Mary and Margaret both want bananas? Meri va Margaret ikkalasi ham banan yeyishni xohlaydimi? Marry doesn’t want any, and Margaret doesn’t, either. Meri xohlamayapti, Margaret ham. neither - not either o‘rnida ishlatiladi The first experiment did not give the expected results, and neither did the second one. Birinchi tajriba kutilgan natijalarni bermadi, ikkinchisi ham. another boshqa, boshqa bir, yana, yana bir Ted is reading another book now. Ted hozir boshqa (bir) kitobni o‘qiyapti. She wants another cup of tea. U yana bir chashka choy ichmoqchi. other boshqa He really doesn’t like other coffee. U chindan ham boshqa kofeni yoqtirmaydi. All other books are on the shelf. Boshqa hamma kitoblar javonda. others boshqalar Wait for the others - Boshqalarni kuting @english_vinglish_uz

🔇Ayrim undoshlarning o‘qilmaslik holatlari wh harf birikmasidan keyin «o» harfi kelsa, bu harf birikmasi [ h ] deb o‘qiladi. Agar wh harf birikmasidan keyin «o» dan boshqa unlilar kelsa, bu harf birikmasi [ w ] deb o‘qiladi. [ h ] who, whom, whose wh [ w ] what, when, where, which, why gh harf birikmasi ko‘p hollarda o‘qilmaydi, ba’zi bir hollarda [f] tovushini beradi. i+gh — high, sigh, i+ght — night, right, fight enough, laugh, rough wr harf birikmasi [ r ] deb o‘qiladi. write, wrote, wrist, wry kn harf birikmasi [ n ] deb o‘qiladi. know, knee, knew ft harf birikmasi [ f ] deb o‘qiladi. often, soften mn harf birikmasi [ m ] deb o‘qiladi. Masalan: autumn st harf birikmasi [ s ] deb o‘qiladi. Masalan: listen sw harf birikmasi [ s ] deb o‘qiladi. Masalan: answer/ @english_vinglish_uz

ДТМ келаси йилги тестлар тузиладиган дарсликлар рўйхатини эълон қилди Давлат тест маркази умумтаълим мактаблари ва академик лицейларда қўлланилаётган дарслик ва ўқув-методик қўлланмалар асосида тавсия этилган ўқув адабиётлар рўйхатини эълон қилди. Дарсликларнинг тўлиқ рўйхати билан https://dtm.uz/info/textbooks манзили орқали танишиш мумкин. 👉 @xushnudbek 👈