Neet_short_tricks

🍁☘𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒☘🍁 Transgenics and their potential applications. 1⃣Bt Cotton - Pest resistance and high yield. 2⃣Flavr Savr Tomato - Increased shelf-life (delayed ripening) and better nutrient quality. 3⃣Golden Rice - Vitamin A and Fe - rich 4⃣Cattles (cow, sheep, goat) - Therapeutic human proteins in their milk . 5⃣Pig - Organ transplantation without risk of rejection

🪂 𝙑𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙨 𝘿𝙚𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙮 🪂 (𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮...... 𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙉𝙀𝙀𝙏) 🚴1- Vitamin “A”: Night blindness 🚵2- Vitamin “B1”: Beriberi 🚴3- Vitamin “B2”: Ariboflavinosis 🚴‍♀️4- Vitamin “B3”: Pellagra 🚴‍♀️5- Vitamin “B5”: Parestheia 🚴6- Vitamin “B6”: Anemia 🚴7- Vitamin “B7”: Dermititis and enteritis 🚴8- Vitamin “B9” - “B12”: Megaloblastic anemia 🚴‍♀️9- Vitamin “B17”: Cancer 🚴10- Vitamin “C”: Scurvy and swelling of gums 🚴11- Vitamin “D”: Rickets and Osteomalacia 🚴‍♀️12- Vitamin “E”: less fertility 🚴13- Vitamin “K”: Non-Clotting of 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙.

Important Points of NCERT : 🌟 Environmental protection act:- 1986 🌟 Air Act:- 1981(amended in 1987) 🌟 1990:- Delhi ranked 4th out of 41 most polluted cities in the World. 🌟 All buses run on CNG by- 2002 🌟 Water Act:- 1974 🌟 Chipko movement(Garhwal Himalayas):- 1974 🌟 JFM(Joint Forest Management):- the 1980s 🌟 Montreal Protocol (Canada):- 1987 (amended in 1989) 🌟 The Earth Summit:- 1992 (Rio de Janeiro) 🌟 World Summit:- 2002 (Johannesburg S.A) 🌟 IUCN Red List (2004):- 784 species extinct in last 500 years. 🌟 Joint Forest Management (JFM):- 1980's. 🌟 1st recombinant DNA:- 1972. 🌟 1st restriction endonuclease:- 1963. 🌟 1997:-An American company got patent rights on Basmati rice. 🌟 1990:- 4 year old girl got ADA deficiency

CONNECTING AND MISSING LINKS OF THE BIOLOGICAL WORLD Link - Between the groups Actinomycetes - Bacteria and Fungi Archaeopteryx - Birds and Reptiles Balanoglossus - Chordates and non - chordates Chimera ( rat or rabbit fish ) - Bony and Cartilaginous fishes Club moss - Bryophytes and Pteridophytes Cycas - Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Gnetum - Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Neopilina - Annelida and Mollusca Ornithorhynchus ( Duck-billed Platypus ) - Reptiles and Mammals Peripatus ( Walking worm ) - Annelida and Arthropoda Protopterus ( Lungfish ) - Pisces and Amphibia Rickettsia - Virus, and Bacteria Virus - Living and nonliving

🫁𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐬 the 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐬 :- 🧘‍♀️(i) 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 or 𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 by which atmospheric air is drawn in and 𝐂𝐎𝟐 rich alveolar air is 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐮𝐭. 🧘‍♀️(ii) 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 of 𝐠𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 (O2 and CO2) across 𝐚𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐞. 🧘‍♀️(iii) 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 of 𝐠𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 by blood. 🧘‍♀️(iv) 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 of O2 and CO2 between 𝐛𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 and 𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞𝐬. 🧘‍♂️(v) 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 of O2 by the cells for 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜 reactions and resultant release of 𝐂𝐎𝟐. 🚴 In 𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞 following conditions are favourable for 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 of 𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐠𝐞𝐧 from 𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐡𝐚𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐧 :- 👉🏻(i) 𝐋𝐨𝐰 PO2 👉🏻(ii) 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 PCO2 👉🏻(iii) 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 H+ concentration 👉🏻(iv) 𝐋𝐨𝐰 pH 👉🏻(v) 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞

✅ HORMONES PRODUCED BY OTHER ORGANS & TISSUES THAT CONTAIN ENDOCRINE CELLS & THEIR PRINCIPAL ACTIONS ✅ 🎬GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 🔵 Gastrin Promotes secretion of gastric juice; increases movements of the stomach. 🔵 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) Stimulates release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. 🔵 Secretin Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile. 🔵 Cholecystokinin (CCK) Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice; regulates release of bile from gall bladder; causes feeling of fullness after eating. 🎬 PLACENTA 🔵 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Stimulates corpus luteum in ovary to continue production of oestrogens and progesterone to maintain pregnancy. 🔵 Oestrogens and progesterone Maintain pregnancy; help prepare mammary glands to secrete milk. 🔵 Human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) Stimulates development of mammary glands for lactation. 🎬 KIDNEYS 🔵 Renin Part of reaction sequence that raises blood pressure by bringing about vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone. 🔵 Erythropoietin (EPO) Increases rate of red blood cell formation. 🔵 Calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) Aids in absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. 🎬 HEART 🔵 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Decreases blood pressure. 🎬 ADIPOSE TISSUE 🔵 Leptin Suppresses appetite; may increase FSH and LH activity.

📚🖊️𝙼𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚊𝚗 𝙳𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛☞￣ᴥ￣☞ ♦️𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚘𝚌𝚌𝚞𝚛 𝚍𝚞𝚎 𝚝𝚘 𝚖𝚞𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚒𝚗 𝚊 𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚕𝚎 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚌𝚊𝚗 𝚋𝚎 𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚒𝚕𝚢 𝚍𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚙𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚢𝚜𝚒𝚜. ♦️𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚗 𝚋𝚎 𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚝, 𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎, 𝚜𝚎𝚡-𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚍𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚝, 𝚜𝚎𝚡-𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚕. 🦋🔪𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚜𝚝 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚘𝚗 𝙼𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚊𝚗 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚍𝚎: 🔥𝙲𝚢𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚌 𝚏𝚒𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚒𝚜 (𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎), 🔥𝙷𝚊𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚙𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚊 (𝚜𝚎𝚡-𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎), 🔥𝙰𝚕𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖 (𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎), 🔥𝚂𝚒𝚌𝚔𝚕𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚕 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚊 (𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎).   ▃✧▃▃▃✧▃▃❤️        ┊   ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊  ┊           ✿    ✿

🔷♻️Animal Tissue♻️🔷 The tissue found in animals have comparatively some different properties than the plant tissue. ♦️Types of Animal Tissue Animal Tissues are divided as − ➖Epithelial Tissue ➖Connective Tissue ➖Muscular Tissue ➖Nervous Tissue 🍪Epithelial Tissue ➖Epithelial tissues are the covering and protective tissues in the animal body. ➖Epithelial tissue covers almost all organs and cavities within the body. ➖Epithelial tissue also forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate. ➖Epithelial tissue cells are closely packed (as shown in the image given above) and form a continuous layer. 🍪Connective Tissue ➖Connective tissues are made up of the cells those are separated by non-living material, and known as an extracellular matrix. ➖This matrix could be either liquid or rigid. ➖Connective tissues are further divided as −              * Fibrous connective tissue              * Skeletal connective tissue and              * Fluid connective tissue ➖Tendons are the example of fibrous connective tissue. ➖Bone is an example of a skeletal connective tissue. ➖Bone forms the framework and provide supports to the body. ➖Blood is an example of fluid connective tissue. ➖Blood has a fluid (liquid) matrix known as plasma. ➖In plasma, the red blood cells (RBCs), the white blood cells (WBCs), and the platelets are remaining suspended. 🍪Muscular Tissue ➖Muscular tissue largely consists of elongated cells, and also known as muscle fibers. ➖The muscular tissue is accountable for the movements in our body. ➖The muscular tissue contains special proteins known as contractile proteins; and this protein helps in contraction and relaxation and supports free movement. 🍪Nervous Tissue ➖The brain, spinal cord, and nerves all are composed of the nervous tissue. ➖Cells of the nervous tissue are extremely particular and sensitive for being stimulated and then transmitting the stimulus swiftly from one place to another within the body. ➖The cells of nervous tissue are known as nerve cells or neurons. ➖Nerve impulses allow us to move our muscles whenever we want to do so.

🔰Revision Notes on Human Reproduction🔰 (1) Reproduction is the formation of new individuals of their own kind by living organisms. (2) The Male Reproductive System consists of: (a) Primary sex organs i.e. a pair of testes suspended in a scrotum. (b) Secondary sorgans i.e. a pair of ducts each differentiated into an epididymis, a vas deferens and an ejaculatory duct. (c) A male urethra passing through an erectile penis. (d) Three types of Glands - a pair of seminal vesicles, a prostate gland and a pair of Cowper’s glands. (3) The Female Reproductive system consists of: (a) Primary sex organ i.e. a pair of ovaries (b) Secondary sex organs i.e. a pair of fallopian tubes (oviducts) , a uterus (womb), a vagina.  (4)Ovaries produce female gametes called ova. 🔷Phases of embryonic development Embryonic development involves following dynamic changes and identifiable process. (1) Gametogenesis : It involve the formation of haploid sex cells or gametes called sperms and ova from diploid primary germ cells called gametogonia present in the reproductive organs called gonads (testes and ovary). It is of two types; (i) Spermatogenesis: Formation of sperm.                    (ii) Oogenesis : Formation of ova (2) Fertilization: It involves the fusion of haploid male and female gametes to form diploid zygote. The fusion of gametic pronuclei is called Karyogamy while the mixing of two sets of chromosomes of two gametes is called amphimixis. (3) Cleavage: It includes the rapid mitotic division of the zygote to form a single layered hollow spherical larva called blastula and its formation is called blastulation. (4) Implantation: The process of attachment of the blastocyst (mammalian blastula) on the endometrium of the uterus is called implantation. (5) Gastrulation: It includes the mass and orderly migration of the organ specific areas from the surface of blastula to their predetermined position which finally produces a 3 layered gastrula larva. It is with 3 primary layers. (6) Organogenesis: It includes the formation of specific organs system from three primary germ layers of gastrula and also includes the morphogenesis and differentiation. 🔷Fertilization (1) Definition: Fusion of a haploid male gamete (spermatozoon) and a haploid female gamete (ovum) to form a diploid cell, the zygote, is called fertilization or syngamy. (2) Site of fertilization: Fertilization in human female is internal as in other mammals. It takes place usually in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. (3) Steps of fertilization (i) Approach of sperm to ovum: (a) Male discharges semen (3.5 ml) in the female’s vagina close to the cervix during coitus. This is called ejaculation or insemination. This ejaculation contains as many as 400 million sperms but only about 100 sperms reach the fallopian tube because many sperms are either killed by the acidity of female genital tract or engulfed by the phagocytes of the vaginal epithelium. (b) The sperm swim in the seminal fluid at the rate of 1-4 mm per minute by the aspiratory action of the uterus and peristaltic movement of the fallopian tube. (c) Capacitation is the phenomenon of physiological maturation of sperms by breaking of acrosome membrane inside the female genital tract. It takes about 5-6 hours. (d) Ovum is released on the 14th day of menestrual cycle trapped by the fimbriae of the ampulla of fallopian tube and move towards the uterus by peristalsis and ciliary action. (e) At the time of ovulation, egg is at secondary oocyte stage. (f) Fertilizability of human sperm in the female genital tract is of 12 to 24 hours while its survival value is upto 3 days and of ovum is only 24 hours though it can live for about 72 hours.

𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗦 ▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬    ♥️𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓♥️          💙💛 𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍 💛💙            @NEET_IIT_JEE_Handwritten_Notes

🍁 𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 🍁 🥀𝐀𝐒𝐄𝐗𝐔𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄🥀 (1) 𝐙𝐎𝐎𝐒𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐄s of Chlamydomonas (2) 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐃𝐈𝐀 of Penicillium (3) 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐒 in Hydra,Yeast (4) 𝐆𝐄𝐌𝐌𝐔𝐋𝐄𝐒 in sponge (5) 𝐁𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐅𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 in Ameoba 🍂🍁𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐄𝐃🍂🍁 JOIN @MBBSQUIZ_ZONE

⚠️𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 ⚠️ 💀𝐍𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐄𝐀𝐒𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐓 💀 (1) 𝐓𝐘𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐈𝐃=Salmonella typhimurium (2)𝐏𝐍𝐄𝐔𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀=Heamophilius influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3) 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐃=Rinovirus (4) 𝐌𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀=Plasmodium vivax,malaria and falciparum (5) 𝐀𝐌𝐎𝐄𝐁𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐈𝐒=Entamoeba Histolytica (6) 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐈𝐒=Common round worm and Wuchereia (7) 𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐏𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐈𝐒= W.bancrofti and W.malayi (8) 𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐌= Epidermophyton,Trichophyton and Microsporum ❤️𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐄𝐃❤️

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🍁𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 🍁 🥀🥀𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐒𝐔𝐂𝐂𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐅𝐔𝐋 𝐁𝐄𝐄 𝐊𝐄𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐆🥀🥀 1⃣ Knowledge of the nature and habitat of bees. 2⃣ Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives. 3⃣ Catching and hiving of group of bees. 4⃣ Management of beehives during different seasons. 5⃣ Handling and collection of honey and of the bee wax .      🍁🍂𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐄𝐃🍂🍁      

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