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Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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The bridge circuit consists of a bridge rectifier (either 4 individual diodes
or a single package rectifier) and a filter capacitor. The function of the
bridge rectifier is to convert the incoming AC voltage into DC voltage
and the filter capacitor (usually have the value of 220uf 400Volt) to
remove the ripples and this will provide a nice DC voltage source to the
primary winding of switch mode power transformer. For countries that
use the 220 to 240 VAC, the DC voltage that you will get is about
300VDC and for countries that use 110-120VAC, the DC voltage that
you will get is about 150 to 160 VDC. The DC voltage that you get is
measured across the two pins of the filter capacitor using a multimeter.
In some power supply design, you could see that there are capacitors
connected across each diode in the bridge rectifier.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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This is the first circuit where AC supply enters the SMPS. The Varistor
R802 protects the power supply from transient voltages resulting from
lightning strikes or power surge. The fuse F801 provides protection
against circuit faults and effectively isolates the circuit from the AC
supply source. Capacitor C801 and C824 are X capacitors and help to
reduce the differential mode EMI. Resistor R801 discharges C801 and
C824 on AC removal, preventing potential user shock. Inductor L805 is
a common mode inductor and helps in filtering common mode EMI from
coupling back to the AC source. C802 and C803 are Y capacitors
connected from the Line/Neutral to Earth to reduce common mode EMI.
Thermistor R840 limits the initial peak inrush current drawn by the
circuit at start up
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
Easy Way To Understand The 11
Circuits Functions of SMPS With The Help
Of Schematic Diagrams
There are many types of SMPS in the market and it is impossible for me
to explain all of them. The main point here is to guide you with the help
of a SMPS schematic diagram, so that once you have understood how
each circuit functions in the SMPS then there will be no problem in
repairing all types of SMPS. Many SMPS in the market are quite the
same, except that some use more components while others use fewer
components. Some SMPS designs are larger while some are smaller.
Some use a single power IC to drive switch mode transformer while
others use either power FET or bipolar transistor to drive the switch mode
transformer and so on. Let me put it in a simple explanation “Once you
know the principle you will know the rest”. That means it is not
necessary for you to understand all SMPS designs in the market in order
for you to troubleshoot and repair them.
Generally SMPS consists of about 11 main circuits in order to form the
complete set (circuit). Either one of the circuits malfunction could cause
problems in SMPS. The 11 main circuits are:
1. Input Protection and EMI Filtering Circuit
2. Bridge circuit
3. Start up and Run DC circuit
4. Oscillator circuit
5. Secondary Output Voltage circuit
6. Sampling circuit
7. Error Detection
8. Feedback circuit
9. Protection circuit and
10. Standby circuit
11. Power Factor Correction (PFC) Circuit
In this topic, I have used the LCD Monitor SMPS and some other
equipment schematic diagrams as a guide to easily explain how each
of these circuits function and possible causes if they break down.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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EMI/RFI filter section (board location marked as “L” and “C”) - EMI
(Electromagnetic Interference), also known as RFI (Radio Frequency
Interference), is unwanted electromagnetic energy polluting the
environment. Its propagation via radiation and power conduction over
system signal and power lines can affect the operating of electrical
equipment around the source. This circuit consist of one or two coils and
usually one or two non polarity capacitor depending on the design.
Sometimes these components are integrated into a module as seen in
figure The function of this circuit is to attenuate leaking magnetic
field to avoid Radio Frequency Interference. This circuit is quite robust
unless if a lightning strikes that could easily destroy the coils. You can
test the coil with a normal multimeter set to ohms range and the non
polarity capacitor with a digital capacitance meter.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
If you have seen all the photos, you will notice that almost all of the
power supplies (although the power supplies use different electronic
equipment) use common electronic components like Fuse, Bridge
Rectifier, Filter Capacitor, Power IC, Power FET, Switch mode
transformer, Optoisolator IC, Secondary output diodes, Secondary filter
capacitors and etc. Due to this configuration, if you carefully study how
power supply works (with the help of block and schematic diagrams) and
know how to test electronic components in the power section, I don’t
see any reason why you can’t successfully repair any power supply.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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መስመራዊ የኃይል አቅርቦቱ ከአንድ በላይ የዲሲ ወጪ ሊኖረው ይችላል ግን አንደ SMPS ወጪ አይበዛም። በመስመራዊ ትራንስፎርመር ዑደት ውስጥ ችግር ካለ, ችግሩን ማግኘት በጣም ቀላል ነው ማለት እችላለሁ, ምክንያቱም በጣም ቀጥተኛ ነው. ስህተቱን በፍጥነት ለማወቅ የሊነየር ትራንስፎርመር (ኤሲ ቮልቴጅ) ወይም የዲሲ outputs (ከዲዲዮው በኋላ) ላይ ለመፈተሽ በቀላሉ መለየት ይቻላል
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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In Linear Power Supply
AC voltage enters to the primary side of linear transformer and then
converts the AC into a lower or higher AC voltage depending on the
secondary winding. The output AC voltage is then rectified and filtered
by a diode and capacitors to produce a clean DC voltage.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
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The linear power supply could have more than one DC output. If there is
a problem in the linear transformer circuit, I can say that it is very easy to
locate the fault because it is quite direct. Simply use a multimeter to test
on the output of the linear transformer (AC voltage) or the DC output
(after the diode) to determine the fault fast.
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
SMPS የት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል?
ወጪን፣ መጠንን እና ክብደትን ለመቀነስ፣ monitors ፣ ቲቪዎች፣ የሞባይል ባትሪ መሙያ፣ ፒሲዎች፣ላፕቶፕ እና ካምኮርደር ሃይል ጥቅሎች፣ አታሚዎች፣ ፋክስ ማሽኖች፣ ቪሲአርዎች፣
ተንቀሳቃሽ ሲዲ ማጫወቻዎች፣ ዲቪዲ ማጫወቻዎች፣ ማይክሮኤሌክትሮኒክስ ላይ የተመሰረቱ መሳሪያዎች ,አውቶሞቲቭ፣ ኮምፒውተር፣ ኮሙኒኬሽን፣ የሸማች ኤሌክትሮኒክስ፣ እና የኢንዱስትሪ መተግበሪያዎች SMPS ይጠቀማሉ።
Repost from 𝔼𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕠 𝔼𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕤 ℂ𝕒𝕣𝕖
በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ በSwitch mode power አቅርቦት[SMPS] እና መስመራዊ ሃይል አቅርቦት (LPS) መካከል ስላለው መሰረታዊ ልዩነት እናያለን።
የመብራት የመጥፋት ሁነታ ኃይል አቅርቦት (SMPS)
SMPS ምንድን ነው? ኤስኤምኤስ የመቀየሪያ ሁነታ የኃይል አቅርቦትን ያመለክታል። የ SMPS ተግባር ቮልቴጅን ከአንድ ደረጃ ወደ ሌላ መቀየር ነው.
በተለምዶ ከኤሲ አውታረመረብ ተወስዶ ወደ ቁጥጥር ይለወጣል
ለኤሌክትሮኒክስ እቃዎች ወይም መሳሪያዎች የዲሲ ቮልቴጅ (ዎች) ያስፈልጋል.
በ 80 ዎቹ መጀመሪያ ላይ በሚሰጡት ጥቅሞች ምክንያት SMPS ብዙ ተወዳጅነት አግኝተዋል
የ SMPS ጥቅሞች የሚከተሉት ናቸው
- አነስተኛ መጠን እና ቀላል ክብደት
- ከፍተኛ ውጤታማነት እና አነስተኛ ሙቀት ማመንጨት
- የተሻለ እና የተመጠነ
- ሰፊ የ AC ግብዓት እንዲሁም የዲሲ ወጪ ሀይል
ወደ አእምሯችን የሚመጣው የመጀመሪያው ጥያቄ ትራንስፎርመር የ AC ቮልቴጅን እንደ ግብአት ይጠቀማል, ታዲያ ለምን SMPT (የማብሪያ ሞድ ሃይል ትራንስፎርመር) የ AC ቮልቴጅ ከተስተካከለ(rectified ) ከሆነ በኋላ ተገጠመ? ስለዚህ መልሱ በጣም ቀላል ነው የኤሌክትሮኒክስ አካላትን ይጠቀማል ይሄም power Ic (FET, BJT) ብለን እንጠራዋለን. ይህ የኃይል መቀየሪያ ic ይህንን ዲሲ ቮልቴጅ እስከ 1 ሜኸር በሰከንዶች ውስጥ የማብራት/የማብራት ችሎታ አለው።
የዚህ አስፈላጊነት የ SMPS ትራንስፎርመር ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ለተለያዩ ክፍሎች የዲሲ ቮልቴጅ ለማመንጨት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል.
-ዝቅተኛ ዋጋ
የመቀየሪያ ሁነታ የኃይል አቅርቦቶች እንዲሁ አንዳንድ ጉዳቶች አሏቸው ከ መስመራዊ የኃይል አቅርቦቶች(linear power supply )ጋር ስናወዳድረው
1) በኃይል አቅርቦት ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ተጨማሪ የኤሌክትሮኒክስ ክፍሎች ስላሉት
እና ብልሽት በሚከሰትበት ጊዜ በSMPS ውስጥ ብዙ ክፍሎችን ሊወስድ ይችላል።ለምሳሌ; በSMPS በ መብረቅ ይመታል።
2) በSMPS ዲዛይን ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ በሚውሉ በጣም ብዙ የተለያዩ circuits እንደ oscillator, ግብረመልስ, ጥበቃ, መጀመር እና ወዘተ ችግር ሲፈጠር ውስብስብነት ሊያስከትል ይችላል ችግሩን አውቆ እና ለይቶ ለመጠገን።
3) አንዳንድ መለዋወጫዎች ውድ ናቸው እና ከገበያ ለማግኘት በጣም ከባድ ናቸው።
ለምሳሌ; ሃይል FETs፣ power ICs እና ማብሪያ ሞድ ትራንስፎርመር።
4) በSMPS የተፈጠረ ጠንካራ የኤሌክትሮማግኔቲክ ጣልቃገብነት (EMI)፣ተገቢው መከላከያ ከሌለ ኮምፒተርን ወይም ሌሎች መሳሪያዎች የሚቆራረጥ ችግሮችን መፍጠር
5) ኃይለኛ የተፈጠረ ቮልቴጅ ለአውታረ መረቡ ግብረ መልስ ያገኛሉ, በዚህም ምክንያት በአቅራቢያው ላሉ ሌሎች መሳሪያዎች ዋና አቅርቦት።