UPSC Materials Notes

*🛡️Women's Organisations* ♟️1910- Bharat stree Mahamandal Founded by Sarla Devi Chaudhari ♟️1904 - Bharat Mahila Parishad & Arya mahila samaj Founded by pandita Ramabai ranade ♟️1850's -Widow remarriage association - Vishnu sastri pandita

*🛡️Naoroji and his Drain Theory* ♟️Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the "Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism‟, was a prominent early nationalist. He was also “Unofficial Ambassador of India” in England. ♟️He was elected to the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s. ♟️Elected to the British Parliament in 1892[1st Asian], he founded the India Society (1865) and the East India Association (1866) in London. He was elected thrice as the President of the INC. ♟️After his death, Dadabhai Naoroji was referred to as the “Father of the Nation” by Gandhiji and as “Father of the Indian National Congress” by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. ♟️His major contribution to the Indian nationalist movement was his book Poverty and Un-British Rule of the British in India (1901). In this book, he put forward the concept of "DRAIN OF WEALTH". ♟️He stated that in any country the tax raised would have been spent for the wellbeing of the people of that country. But in British India, taxes collected in India were spent for the welfare of England. ♟️Naoroji argued that India had exported an average of 13 million pounds worth of goods to Britain each year from 1835 to 1872 with no corresponding return. The goods were in lieu of payments for profits to Company shareholders living in Britain, guaranteed interest to investors in railways, pensions to retired officials and generals, interest for the money borrowed from England to meet war expenses for the British conquest of territories in India as well as outside India. All these, going in the name of Home Charges, Naoroji asserted, made up a loss of 30 million pounds a year.

*🛡️Dissolution* ♟️Rajya Sabha, being a permanent House, is not subject to dissolution. Only the Lok Sabha is subject to dissolution. ♟️Unlike a prorogation, a dissolution ends the very life of the existing House, and a new House is constituted after general elections are held. ♟️The dissolution of the Lok Sabha may take place in either of two ways: 1. Automatic dissolution, that is, on the expiry of its tenure of five years or the terms as extended during a national emergency; or 2. Whenever the President decides to dissolve the House, which he is authorised to do. Once the Lok Sabha is dissolved before the completion of its normal tenure, the dissolution is irrevocable.

*🛡️Quorum* ♟️Quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present in the House before it can transact any business. It is one-tenth of the total number of members in each House including the presiding officer. ♟️It means that there must be at least 55 members present in the Lok Sabha and 25 members present in the Rajya Sabha, if any business is to be conducted. If there is no quorum during a meeting of the House, it is the duty of the presiding officer either to adjourn the House or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum.

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Q. आप किस परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे हैं? Q. Which exam are you prepared?

*🛡️Language In Parliament* ♟️The Constitution has declared Hindi and English to be the languages for transacting business in the Parliament. However, the presiding officer can permit a member to address the House in his mother-tongue. In both the Houses, arrangements are made for simultaneous translation. ♟️Though English was to be discontinued as a floor language after the expiration of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution (that is, in 1965), the Official Languages Act (1963) allowed English to be continued along with Hindi.

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Q. आप किस परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे हैं? Q. Which exam are you prepared?

UKPSC 2025 Complete Pre Preparation ,CUT OFF निकाल सकने वाला SELECTION MATERIAL uttarakhand pcs best notes to clear prelims . Full details👇( Plz watch video and read description before joining )  👇 https://youtu.be/80Ai1tvCQ6U ✔️ High Yield  SELECTION MATERIAL ✔️ Daily Practise Most expected Questions ✔️ Exam Oriented Test Series ✔️ Complete Doubts clearance ✔️ Continuous Handholding इस ग्रुप को ज्वाइन करिए और जितना  इसमे बताया जाए सिर्फ उतना पढिए,  कट ऑफ आराम से clear हो सकता है  चाहे जैसा पेपर आ जाए।  इस ग्रुप को ज्वाइन करने के बाद कोई और  BOOK, MAGAZINE, TEST SERIES कहीं और से लेने की जरूरत नहीं होगी , सबकुछ इसी मे मिलेगा और UKPSC 2025 के लिए वो SUFFICIENT होगा #ukpsc #ukpcs #uttarakhandpcs  #pcs #ukpsc2025 #ukpcs2025 #statepcs #gyansir

*🛡️Narmada River* ♟️Largest river of Penisular. ♟️5th Largest of India. ♟️Rises from Maikala range near Amarkantak in MP. ♟️Bounded by Vindhyas on North, Maikala range on East, Satpura on south and by Arabian sea on West. ♟️Important Tributaries :- Hathni river, Orsang, Barna and Kolar jawa. ♟️Major Hydro power Project in the Basin are Indira sagar, Sardar sarovar, Omkareshwar, Bargi and Maheshwar.

*🛡️India’s Women Unsung Heroes of Freedom Struggle 🇮🇳* Context: A pictorial book on India’s 75 Women Unsung Heroes of Freedom Struggle as part of Azadi ka Mahotsav has been released in partnership with Amar Chitra Katha. *♟️Rani Abakka,* the Queen of Ullal, Karnataka fought and defeated the mighty Portuguese in the 16th century. *♟️Velu Nachiyar,* the queen of Sivaganga was the first Indian queen to wage war against the British East India Company. *♟️Jhalkari Bai,* was a woman soldier who grew to become one of the key advisors to the Rani of Jhansi and a prominent figure in the First War of Indian Independence, 1857. *♟️Matangini Hazra* was a brave freedom fighter from Bengal, who laid down her life while agitating against the British. *♟️Gulab Kaur* was a freedom fighter who abandoned her own hopes and dreams of a life abroad to fight for and mobilise the Indian people against the British Raj. *♟️Chakali Ilamma* was a revolutionary woman who fought against the injustice of zamindars during the Telangana rebellion in the mid-1940s. *♟️Padmaja Naidu,* the daughter of Sarojini Naidu and a freedom fighter in her own right, who would later become Governor of West Bengal and a humanitarian after Independence. *♟️Bishni Devi Shah,* a woman who inspired large number of people in Uttarakhand to join the freedom movement. *♟️Subhadra Kumari Chauhan* was one of the greatest Hindi poets, who was also a prominent figure in the freedom movement. *♟️Durgawati Devi* was the brave woman who provided safe passage to Bhagat Singh after the killing of John Saunders and much more during her revolutionary days. *♟️Sucheta Kripalani,* a prominent freedom fighter, became independent India’s first woman Chief Minister of UP Government. *♟️Accamma Cherian,* an inspirational leader of the freedom movement in Travancore, Kerala, she was given the name ‘Jhansi Rani of Tranvancore’ by Mahatma Gandhi. *♟️Aruna Asaf Ali* was an inspirational freedom fighter who is perhaps best remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement in 1942. ♟️ *Durgabai Deshmukh,* a tireless worker for the emancipation of women in Andhra Pradesh, she was also an eminent freedom fighter and member of the Constituent Assembly. *♟️Rani Gaidinliu* , the Naga spiritual and political leader, led an armed uprising against the British in Manipur, Nagaland and Assam. ♟️ *Usha Mehta* was a freedom fighter from a very young age, who is remembered for organizing an underground radio station during the Quit India Movement of 1942. ♟️ *Parbati Giri* , one of Odisha’s most prominent women freedom fighters, was called the Mother Teresa of Western Odisha for her work in the upliftment of her people. ♟️ *Tarkeshwari Sinha,* a prominent freedom fighter during the Quit India Movement, she went on to become an eminent politician in the early decades of independent India. ♟️ *Snehlata Varma* , a freedom fighter and tireless worker for the education and upliftment of women in Mewar, Rajasthan. ♟️ *Tileshwari Baruah,* one of India’s youngest martyrs, she was shot at the age of 12 by the British, during the Quit India Movement, when she and some freedom fighters tried to unfurl the Tricolour atop a police station.