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💫Auroras💫
✨Bright displays of shimmering light called Aurora appear at night over the North and South poles.
✨The Aurora that appears above the North Pole is Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights.
✨The Aurora that appears above the South Pole is Aurora Australis, the Southern Lights.
✨Auroras are caused by streams of charged particles from the Sun, known as the Solar Wind, crashing in to the gases of the Earth's atmosphere.
✨Oxygen gas glows Yellow-Green in color when it is hit low in the atmosphere, and orange higher up.
✨Nitrogen gas glows bright red in colour when hit normally, and bright blue when ionized.
✨A halo of light always exists over each poles, but they are usually too fait to see. They flare up brightly when extra bursts if Energy reach the Earth's atmosphere from the Sun.
✨Auroras only appear at the poles because there are deep cracks in the Earth's magnetic field there.
✨When the solar wind blowing strongly, Auroras are more spectacular.
✨New York and Edinburgh get an average of ten Auroras displays every year.
@LAQMC
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🌟Magnetosphere🌟
✨Earth's magnetosphere is a region of space within the influence of Earth's magnetic field. The magnetosphere shields the Earth from most of the effects of the Solar Wind.
✨Despite its name, the magnetosphere is not spherical but is shaped like an elongated teardrop with the rounded end of the teardrop facing toward the sun.
✨Sunward edge of magnetosphere is called the magnetopause and is located about 700,000 km from the Earth.
✨Immediately to the sunward side of the magnetopause is a shock wave(which is called the bow shock) that is caused by the solar wind being deflected by the magnetopause.
✨On the side away from the sun, the magnetosphere trails away like a tail of a comet in what is known as the Magnetotail.
✨Although the magnetosphere deflects most of the charged particles coming from the sun and cosmic rays, some get through and become concentrated in two doughnut-shaped regions of radiation known as the Van Allen belts.
✨Of the eight planets in the solar system, Venus and Mars are the only one that do not have their own magnetosphere.
✨Jupiter has by far the largest and its magnetopause is located 6 milion km from the planet.
✨The magnetism of Earth's Moon is too weak to produce a magnetosphere, but two of Jupiter's moons, Io and Ganymede, have magnetic fields of sufficient strength.
✨Star also produce magnetic fields and have magnetosphere. The Sun's magnetosphere is called the heliosphere and its magnetopause(called the heliopause) has a radius of more than 80 AU.
@LAQMC
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🌍Earth's Formation🌎
✨The Solar System was created when the gas cloud left over from a giant supernova explosion started to collapse in on itself and spin.
✨About 4.55 billion years ago, only a vast, hot cloud of dust and gas circling a new star, the Sun, existed.
✨The Earth probably began when tiny pieces of space debris kept on smashing into it, adding new material. This debris include ice from the edge of the solar system.
✨About 4.5 billion years ago, a rock the size of Mars crashed into the Earth. The debris joined together to form the Moon.
✨The collision that created the Moon made the Earth hot.
✨Radioactive decay heated the Earth even more.
✨For a long time, the surface of the Earth was a mass of erupting Volcanoes.
✨Iron and Nickel melted and sank to form the core.
✨Lighter materials, such as aluminum, oxygen and silicon, floated up and cooled to form the crust.
✨As the Earth rotates, it bulges in the middle like a pumpkin.
@LAQMC
