KPSC sUTRAS

Local winds

Article 244(A) of the Indian Constitution, introduced via the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 1969, empowers Parliament to establish an autonomous state within Assam. This autonomous entity, covering specific tribal areas such as Karbi Anglong, would have its own Legislature and Council of Ministers, surpassing the decentralization measures outlined in the Sixth Schedule. While autonomous councils under the Sixth Schedule provide some governance, they have limited legislative, law enforcement, and financial powers. Article 244(A) seeks to bolster the autonomy and self-governance of these tribal regions within the constitutional framework.

The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) launched by the Indian government in 2019 aims to reduce atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) levels by 20-30% by 2024, later revised to 40% by 2026. However, challenges in implementation persist, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive and scientific approach. Here’s how scientific tools can aid NCAP's success: 1. Emissions Inventory (EI) and Source Apportionment (SA) Studies • Identifying Pollution Sources: EI studies help identify local pollution sources and their contributions, aiding in the development of targeted pollution control strategies. • Understanding Pollution Origins: SA studies offer detailed analyses of pollution contributions, including those from distant sources, enhancing understanding but requiring significant resources. 2. Air Quality (AQ) Modelling • Pollution Dispersion Analysis: AQ modelling informs pollution dispersion patterns, including contributions from distant sources, aiding in forecasting and mitigation planning. • Bridging Gaps: AQ modelling can bridge gaps in EI and SA studies, providing a comprehensive view of pollution sources and dispersion. 3. Implementation Challenges and Solutions • Incomplete Studies: Only 37% of cities have completed EI and SA studies, highlighting a lack of understanding of pollution sources in many areas. • Strategic Planning: Cities need to utilize data from EI, SA, and AQ modelling to set achievable yearly targets and allocate funds effectively. • Comprehensive Strategies: NCAP should focus on both primary and secondary pollutants, considering transboundary pollution and industrial emissions. 4. Swift Implementation and Infrastructure • Reducing Bureaucratic Red Tape: Implementation agencies should streamline technical evaluations and reduce bureaucratic hurdles for swift and effective implementation. • Decision-Support Systems: Setting up infrastructure for AQ forecasting is crucial, as seen in cities like Delhi, Pune, Mumbai, and Ahmedabad. 5. Multifaceted Approach for Success • Data-Driven Strategies: NCAP's success relies on rigorous scientific data, strategic budgeting, and time management for implementation. • Continuous Monitoring: Regular monitoring and evaluation of progress are essential to track the effectiveness of mitigation measures and adjust strategies as needed.