Clinical Qbank(2nd year Subjects)

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390 ) . Ans. (a) Venules Ref: Robbin’s Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 73-74 • Post capillary venules are an important point of interchange between the lumen of the vessels and the surrounding tissue. • Moreover both vascular leakage and leucocyte exudation occur preferentially in venules in many types of inflammation. 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

390 ) . Ans. (a) Venules Ref: Robbin’s Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 73-74 • Post capillary venules are an important point of interchange between the lumen of the vessels and the surrounding tissue. • Moreover both vascular leakage and leucocyte exudation occur preferentially in venules in many types of inflammation. 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

389) Ans. (d) Apoptosis The inter nucleosomal cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomes (in multiples of 180-200 base pairs) is brought about by Ca+ and Mg2+ dependent endonucleases and is characteristic of apoptosis. 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

388 ) Ans. (c) Teratoma Ref: Robbins 9th ed. P 977 All tumors that produce α-fetoprotein have hyaline globules. These are eosinophilic round bodies found in following causes: Malignant causes • Yolk sac tumor • Hepatocellular carcinoma • Clear cell carcinoma • Kaposi sarcoma • Choroid plexus carcinoma • Adenoid cystic carcinoma Benign causes • Meningioma • Pleomorphic adenoma • α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

387 ). Ans. (b) Prazosin Ref: Goodman & Gillman 13th ed. P 208-209 • Prazosin is one of the non-selective alpha 1 antagonists used for treatment of hypertension and BPH. • DOC for HTN + BPH: Prazosin • DOC for BPH: Silodosin (selective α1a agonist) • Side effect: ƒ Marked Postural hypotension (orthostatic/first dose hypotension), syncope → can cause recurrent falls. Therefore it is given at bedtime ƒ Retrograde ejaculation 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

386 ). (d) All of the above Ref: Goodman & Gillman’s 13th ed. P 90 • The common antifungal agent ketoconazole is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 • Therefore coadministration of ketoconazole with other CYP3A4 inhibitors like anti-HIV drug viral protease inhibitors (ritonavir, indinavir), clarithromycin, itraconazole, nefazodone, and grapefruit juice reduces the clearance of these drugs and increases its plasmaconcentration and the risk of toxicity. Hence these drugs are not given together. 🎲For more questions , Join @finalyearmbbsquestions  and attend  Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30 PM Daily  !!

385 ) ans : A,D B 1,3 GLUCAN assay indicates invasive fungal infection . It is not applicable to Mucormycosis ( rhizopus ) ,cryptococcus neoformans due to presence of capsule . 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

384 ) Ans. (a) Albendazole Ref: KD Tripathi, 7th ed. pg. 853 • Yearly treatment with a combination of DEC (2 mg/kg) and albendazole (400 mg single dose on mass scale has brought down transmission of filariasis by reducing microfilaroma. • Recent studies have revealed that: ƒ 200 mg/day for 8 weeks course of doxycycline eliminated 95% of microfilariae. ƒ A combination therapy of Doxycycline and Ivermectin can cause 100% elimination of microfilarie.

383 ) Ans. (b) Pneumococcus Ref: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker, 8th ed. pg. 19, 63, 193 • Due to alpha hemolysis, colonies of pneumococci resemble colonies of Str. viridans. • On further incubation the colonies of pneumococci become flat with raised edges and central umbonation, so that concentric rings are seen on the surface when viewed from above seems as draughtsman appearance or Carrom coin appearance. 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!

382 )Ans. (b) Enterotoxin Ref: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker, 8th ed. pg. 198-199 • Enterotoxins are responsible for food poisoning and are produced when Staphylococcus Aureus grows in carbohydrate and protien foods. There are multiple types of enterotoxins (A-E, G-I, K-M) and these are usually superantigens. • The alpha toxin is a potent hemolysin which acts on a broad spectrum of cell membranes, including RBC’s. • The beta toxin degrades spingomyelin and is also toxic for many types of cells. • TSST-1 is the same as enterotoxin F and is therefore also a superantigen and is associated with fever, shock multisystem involvement and a desquamative skin rash. 🎲For  more questions join @secondyearmbbsquestions and attend Live Quizzes @PrepNEXT at 9:30P.M Daily!!