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🟣✨The Subjunctive In English, the subjunctive is a grammatical mood that is used to express an unreal situation such as a wish, possibility, or action that may or may not happen. The most common occurrences of the subjunctive that students are likely to encounter include sentences reporting suggestions, the second conditional, and sentences with “wish.” 🔴1. Reporting Suggestions Use #1 The subjunctive form is used for reporting suggestions. Certain verbs (that I like to call verbs of suggestion to help students easily pick them out) in the independent (main) clause will result in the base form of the verb in the dependent “that” clause. ♦️✨Verb of suggestion + that + base verb Some of the more common verbs of suggestion that follow this pattern include: advise, ask, demand, insist, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, and urge. 🔺His boss demanded that he work overtime. 🔺Her teacher suggested that she study for three hours last night. 🔺I prefer that he speak to me directly. 🔵Use #2 The subjunctive form is also used for giving strong suggestions or commands. Certain adjectives (  adjectives of importance)  in the independent clause will result in the base form of the verb in the dependent “that” clause. 🔷✨Adjective of importance + that + base verb Some common adjectives that follow this pattern include: important, necessary, imperative,  esential, vital, and urgent. 🔺It was important that he call me yesterday. 🔺It is essential that the operator of this machine remain calm during an emergency. 🔺I think it is necessary that your dog be kept on a leash while in this area. 🟦Note The subjunctive often occurs in clauses that begin with “that.” . However, “that” can be dropped in English, so it isn’t always a surefire way to spot the subjunctive. 🔹 (E.g., I suggested that he study for at least two hours. / I suggested he study for at least two hours.) It’s more important to notice the verb or adjective in the main clause. Is the meaning of the verb “suggestion”? Is the meaning of the adjective “importance”? If so, the subjunctive should be used 🟠2. The Second Conditional The second conditional, also known as the unreal conditional, follows this pattern: If + past, would + base verb It is used to show an unlikely or impossible outcome that probably wouldn’t happen. The subjunctive mood becomes apparent when we use the be verb. This verb always takes the form of were, no matter what the subject is. 🔸“If I Were a Boy” by Beyonce 🔸If I were rich, I’d travel around the world. 🔸If he weren’t so lazy, he would get good grades. 🟢✨3. Wish Another case where the subjunctive is used in English is with the verb wish. When wish is used in the independent clause, the be verb always takes the form were in the dependent clause when there is a present or future meaning. This may confuses you  for two reasons: 🔺 1) Why do we use a past verb when our meaning is present or future? 🔺 2) Why don’t we use was for the first and third persons singular? Again, we use were to indicate a hypothetical or unreal situation. ♦️ ✨wish + were. 🔺I wish I were able to go to Vegas with you next month, but there’s no way I can get the time off work. 🔺She wishes that she were taller. 🟩Note about wish and hope ♦️Wish indicates an impossible or unlikely situation (much like the second conditional); use were, a past verb, a past perfect verb, or would + verb. 🔺I wish you would stop growing so fast. ♦️✨Hope indicates a possible situation (much like the first conditional); use a present verb or will + verb. 🔺I hope you feel better soon. 🔺If I were filthy rich, I’d still blog about grammar! https://ellii.com/blog/tips-for-teaching-the-subjunctive/ #grammar

🟠4. Followed by a noun clause (the subjunctive mood) Pattern:verb of suggestion + that + subject + base verbExamples 🔺My friend recommended that he take a taxi home from the party. 🔹The sales clerk suggested that she put the dress on hold. 🔸She is advising that we finish our project today. ♦️✨When verbs with the general meaning of “suggestion” (including advise, ask, demand, insist, prefer, propose, recommend, request, suggest, and urge) are used with a noun clause, we must use a base verb. The noun clause usually starts with the word that and contains a subject, base verb, and possibly an object. The noun clause usually occupies the object position of the main sentence: S + V + (that + S + V + O). 🔶 where the main verb is in another tense such as the simple past the verb in the noun clause is a base verb and not another past verb.  🟧Note: We can drop “that” from a noun clause, especially when speaking quickly or in informal speaking and writing. There is no change in meaning ♦️ (i.e., My friend recommended that we take a taxi home and My friend recommended we take a taxi home are identical in meaning).✅ https://t.me/Gradzone/3740 https://t.me/Gradzone/3453 🔴subjunctive tests https://ellii.com/blog/tips-for-teaching-the-subjunctive/ #grammar

🟢✨Some verbs in English have quite a variety of sentence patterns associated with them. For verbs of suggestion such as recommend, suggest, and advise, these patterns evolved to reflect the focus of the suggestion. If the speaker is suggesting a place or a thing, these verbs are followed by a noun. 🔶For an activity, they can be followed by a gerund. For a focus on who the suggestion pertains to, they’re followed by a pronoun or noun (person) either after the verb (advise) or at the end of a sentence with “to” (recommend, suggest). 🔷✨ These verbs are also possible in the subjunctive mood—with a noun clause that contains a base verb. ♦️ These verbs are all used when one person wants to tell someone else what he or she should do. While these words can be interchangeable, there are slight meaning and usage differences. 🔺Advise is the most formal and is used with subjects like doctor, teacher, counselor, government official, etc. 🔹Suggest is more informal and is used to express an idea or opinion . 🔸Recommend is more personal and is used when the speaker is giving a suggestion based on personal experience. 🟣1. Followed by a noun object Pattern:recommend/suggest/advise + nounExamples: ♦️He recommended the restaurant down the street. 🔸The designer suggested the color blue for the living room. 🔹My doctor advised exercise after my heart attack. 🟪Note: If we also want to include who the suggestion is being made to, we can follow the noun object with to + person. putting to + person directly after the verb is incorrect (or at least very awkward!) in English for recommend and suggest. ♦️He recommended the restaurant down the street to us. (correct)✅ 🔹He recommended to us the restaurant down the street. (incorrect)❌ 🔸He suggested the restaurant down the street to his neighbor. (correct)✅ 🔺He suggested to his neighbor the restaurant down the street. (incorrect)❌ 🔵2. Followed by a pronoun Pattern:advise + pronoun 🔸The manager advised us on the new protocols. 🔹His counselor will advise him to start applying to the local colleges. 🟦Note: Unlike recommend and suggest, advise can also be followed by a noun that refers to the person getting the advice . Also, to + pronoun and to + person at the end of the sentence with advise is possible in some cases, but it can sound a bit awkward and is best avoided or reworded. ♦️The manager advised us on the protocols. (correct) 🔹The manager advised the employees on the protocols. (correct) 🔸The doctor advised exercise to her patient. (possible, but not as common) ♦️The doctor advised exercise to us. (possible, but not as common) 🔴3. Followed by a gerund Pattern:recommend/suggest/advise + gerundExamples: ♦️The concierge recommends taking a guided tour of the island. 🔹She suggested shopping at farmers markets instead of grocery stores. 🔸Health experts don’t advise swimming right after eating 🟥Note:  the Noun + Infinitive rule overrides the gerund rule in almost all cases. Though advise is followed by a gerund (e.g., My teacher advised studying), we must use an infinitive if we include a noun/pronoun object in the sentence (e.g., My teacher advised us to study). . #grammar

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