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📌 How to Read Current Affairs for CAPF AC Article: Tribal Land Laws in Jharkhand – CNT Act, SPT Act & PESA Many aspirants read current affairs as news. A better approach is to separate facts for Paper I and analysis for Paper II. 📝 Paper I (Objective) – What facts should you remember? Focus on Acts, Articles, Constitutional provisions, years, regions, institutions, and keywords. Constitution & Acts Article 244(1) – Administration of Fifth Schedule Areas. Fifth Schedule – Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. PESA Act, 1996 – Extends Panchayati Raj to Scheduled Areas. CNT Act, 1908 – Protects tribal land in the Chotanagpur region. SPT Act, 1949 – Protects tribal land in the Santhal Pargana region. Key Facts PESA applies only to Fifth Schedule Areas. Gram Sabha is the primary institution of self-governance under PESA. Gram Sabha has powers over minor forest produce, customary dispute resolution, local resources, and consultation in land acquisition. Keywords Scheduled Areas Fifth Schedule Gram Sabha Tribal Land Alienation Customary Rights Minor Forest Produce (MFP) 👉 Exam Approach: These are the points from which UPSC generally frames MCQs. ✍️ Paper II (Descriptive) – What analysis should you prepare? Focus on issues, challenges, governance, internal security, ethics, and way forward. Why are these laws important? Protect tribal identity and culture. Prevent alienation of tribal land. Preserve customary rights. Promote grassroots democracy. Issues Illegal land transfers. Mining and industrial expansion. Development vs. tribal rights. Delayed implementation of PESA. Governance Perspective Decentralisation. Participatory governance. Empowerment of Gram Sabhas. Inclusive development. Internal Security Perspective Land disputes can fuel tribal unrest and Left Wing Extremism (LWE). Effective implementation of PESA strengthens trust between tribal communities and the administration. Way Forward Strengthen Gram Sabha participation. Ensure transparent land acquisition. Implement PESA effectively. Balance development with constitutional safeguards for tribal communities. 👉 Exam Approach: These points can be used in essays, reports, précis, and descriptive answers. 🎯 Takeaway for CAPF Aspirants Whenever you read a current affairs article, ask yourself: 🔹 Paper I: What factual information can become an MCQ? 🔹 Paper II: What issues, arguments, challenges, and solutions can help me write a better descriptive answer? This simple habit transforms current affairs from passive reading into effective exam preparation. Current Affairs isn't just about knowing the news—it's about knowing what the examiner can ask from that news.