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«Любопытство подразумевает своего рода энтузиазм, готовность тратить энергию и исследовать свое окружение. И оно внутренне мотивировано, то есть никто не платит вам за любопытство; ваше любопытство основано лишь на надежде, что произойдет что-то хорошее, когда вы узнаете», — сказал доктор Готтлиб. «Это лишь некоторые из удивительных вещей, связанных с любопытством».
Humans are immensely curious and motivated to reduce uncertainty, but little is known about the neural mechanisms that generate curiosity. Curiosity is inversely associated with confidence, suggesting that it is triggered by states of low confidence (subjective uncertainty). The neural mechanisms of this process, however, have been little investigated. What are the mechanisms through which uncertainty about an event gives rise to curiosity about that event? Inspired by studies of sensory uncertainty, we hypothesized that visual areas provide multivariate representations of uncertainty, which are then read out by higher-order structures to generate signals of confidence and, ultimately, trigger curiosity. During fMRI, participants (17 female, 15 male) performed a new task in which they rated their confidence in identifying distorted images of animals and objects and their curiosity to see the clear image. To link sensory certainty and curiosity, we measured the activity evoked by each image in occipitotemporal…
New research may have turned more than 100 years of thinking about the way our brains process visual information on its head.
Nature Aging - The mechanisms underlying susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in aging are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that an aging...
Background Sedentary behavior has been demonstrated to be a modifiable factor for several chronic diseases, while coffee consumption is believed to be beneficial for health. However, the joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee consumption with mortality remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee intakes with mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US adults. Methods An analysis of a prospective cohort from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of US adults (n = 10,639). Data on mortality were compiled from interview and physical examination data until December 31, 2019. Daily sitting time was self-reported. Coffee beverages were from the 24-hour diet recall interview. The main outcomes of the study were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were imputed by Cox proportional hazards regression.…
Nature Nanotechnology - Here the authors present a pH-sensitive DNA origami nanoswitch that hides ligands for death receptors and displays them as a cytotoxic hexagonal pattern in acidic tumour...
The analysis of 21 high-coverage woolly mammoth genomes allowed for the investigation of the genomic changes that led to the extinction of the species’ last surviving population on Wrangel Island. Despite the population quickly recovering from a founder event bottleneck in the early Holocene, the results show that they suffered from inbreeding depression, with ensuing purging of deleterious mutations for thousands of years after the recovery.
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