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🔆Government Initiatives for Elderly Care: ✅Atal Vayo Abhyudaya Yojana (AVYAY): Offers elderly homes, continuous care centers, and Mobile Medicare Units. ✅National Programme for Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE): Provides dedicated healthcare at primary to tertiary levels. ✅SACRED Portal: Enables re-employment of senior citizens and supports their dignity in work. ✅Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY): Distributes assistive devices to BPL seniors to aid mobility and independence. ✅Social Pension Schemes (NSAP): IGNOAPS provides direct pension support to poor elderly aged 60–79.

🔆 Ayushman Vay Vandana Yojana 📍 Launched: September 2018, by PM in Ranchi, Jharkhand 📍 Structural Mandate ✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare ✅ Administered under PM-JAY for structured implementation of India's health insurance network ✅ Implemented in empaneled hospitals across urban and rural areas ✅ Centralized digital system for tracking treatments and expenses for accountability 📍 Aims and Objectives ✅ Universal healthcare for senior citizens ✅ Reduces financial burden by cutting out-of-pocket expenses ✅ Encourages preventive care for age-related conditions 📍 Targeted Beneficiaries ✅ Senior citizens aged 70 and above 📍 Funding Mechanism ✅ Funded under Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY ✅ Free treatment for ~2,000 medical procedures ✅ Additional ₹5 lakh per year for those already covered under AB PM-JAY 📍 Features ✅ Covers medical consultations, treatments, hospitalization expenses, and complex procedures like angioplasty ✅ Implemented in empaneled hospitals across India ✅ Ensures transparency and accountability via digital tracking.

🚩 10 interesting border-related facts from around the world: 1) Most Militarized Border: North Korea – South Korea (Korean Demilitarized Zone, DMZ) 2) The Most Porous Border: India – Nepal This border is open, allowing citizens of both countries to cross freely without visas or passports under the India-Nepal Friendship Treaty. 3) Most Complex Border: Netherlands – Belgium (Baarle-Nassau and Baarle-Hertog) This town has one of the most complicated international borders in the world, with over 30 Belgian enclaves inside the Netherlands and Dutch enclaves inside those Belgian enclaves. 4)The Oldest International Border: Spain – Portugal (La Raya) This border, established in 1297, is considered one of the oldest unchanged borders in the world. 5) The Most Dangerous Border: Pakistan – Afghanistan (Durand Line) This border, about 2,670 km (1,660 miles) long, is considered one of the most dangerous due to ongoing conflicts and militant activity. 6) The Most Unusual Border Crossing: United States – Canada (Derby Line, Vermont) A library called the Haskell Free Library and Opera House is located on the border, with one part in the U.S. and the other in Canada. Visitors can cross from one country to another inside the building. 7) The Border That Moves Daily: France – Italy (Mont Blanc) The exact border on Mont Blanc changes depending on glacial movements, making it an ever-shifting border. 8) The Longest Straight-Line Border: United States – Canada The 49th parallel forms a straight-line border of about 2,000 km (1,243 miles) between the two countries. 9) The Shortest Land Border in Europe: Spain – Gibraltar (United Kingdom) The border between Spain and Gibraltar is only 1.2 km (0.75 miles) long. 10) Border Shared by Most Countries: China and Russia (Each Borders 14 Countries) China and Russia tie for the highest number of land borders with other countries, each bordering 14 nations.

🔆 PM-WANI (Prime Minister WiFi Network Interface) 📍 Launched: 2020 📍 Objective: ✅ To enhance the proliferation of public Wi-Fi hotspots to create robust digital communications infrastructure, especially in rural areas. 📍 PM-WANI Ecosystem: Consists of four parts: ✅ Public Data Office (PDO) ✅ Public Data Office Aggregator (PDOA) ✅ App Provider ✅ Central Registry 📍 Roles: ✅ PDO establishes the Wi-Fi Hotspots and provides internet access to users. ✅ PDOA provides authorisation and accounting services to PDOs. ✅ The App Provider displays the available hotspots in the phone’s proximity. ✅ The Central Registry, overseen by the Centre for Development of Telematics, maintains details of App Providers, PDOs, and PDOAs. 📍 How can individuals access the PM-WANI internet? ✅ To access public hotspots under the scheme, one needs to download a relevant App that shows available networks. ✅ The user can then choose from a list of available connections and make a payment to use the network. ✅ The user can access the network till his/her balance is exhausted.

🔆 Harappan Sites  📍 Harappa  ✅ Explored by: Dayaram Sahani in 1921-1923  ✅ Location and Facts: On the bank of river Ravi, important finding includes human statute and bullock cart. Stone dancing Natraja and Cemetery-37 have been excavated here.  📍 Mohenjodaro  ✅ Explored by: Rakaldas Banerji in 1922  ✅ Location and Facts: On the Bank of river Indus, the important findings are great bath and granary. Pashupati Mahadeva (Proto Shiva) seal and fragment of woven cotton have been excavated.  📍 Chanudaro  ✅ Explored by: Gopal Majumdar in 1931  ✅ Location and Facts: Situated on the Bank of river Indus in Sindh, Pakistan. It is the only Indus Site with no Citadel. Bronze figurines of bullock cart and ekkas and a small pot suggesting a kink well have been excavated. The important findings are bead makers shop.  📍 Lothal  ✅ Explored by: Ranganath Rao in 1954  ✅ Location and Facts: In Gujarat on the Bhogva river, an important finding is, it was the first man-made port. City was divided into Citadel and the lower town and dockyard. Evidence of rice has been found here.  📍 Kalibanga (Black Bangles), Rajasthan  ✅ Explored by: BB Lal in 1961  ✅ Location and Facts: Situated on the bank of river Ghaggar. Evidence of ploughed field, wooden furrow, seven fire-altars, bones of camel and two types of burials (Circular grave and rectangular grave) have been found.  📍 Dholavira  ✅ Explored by: JP Joshi in 1967-68  ✅ Location and Facts: Situated on the bank of river Luni of Kachchh district in Gujarat. Evidence of unique water management system, Harappan inscription and stadium has been found here.  📍 Surkotada (Gujarat)  ✅ Explored by: JP Joshi in 1972  ✅ Location and Facts: Situated between the rivers Sabarmati and the Bhogavo. Evidence of horse, oval grave and pit burial has been found here.  📍 Banawali (Haryana)  ✅ Explored by: RS Bisht in 1973  ✅ Location and Facts: Situated on the bank of river Saraswati. Evidence of both pre-Harappan and Harappan culture and barley with good quality has been found here. 

🔆 Global Events 📍 Namibia ✅ Facing its worst drought in a century, worsened by El Niño. ✅ Located in Southwest Africa, bordering Angola, Zambia, South Africa, and Botswana. 📍 Sudan ✅ Ongoing war continues to devastate the country. ✅ Located in Northeast Africa, bordering Egypt, Chad, Central African Republic, Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and South Sudan. 📍 Brunei ✅ India’s first bilateral visit to Brunei Darussalam. ✅ A small Southeast Asian nation on Borneo Island, bordered by Malaysia’s Sarawak state and the South China Sea. ✅ Part of the Commonwealth & ASEAN. 📍 Vietnam ✅ Typhoon Yagi has killed 143 people in northern Vietnam. ✅ Located in Southeast Asia, sharing borders with China, Laos, Cambodia, and maritime borders in the South China Sea. 📍 Mexico ✅ Reformed its judicial system, becoming the first country to elect judges at all levels. ✅ Located in North America, bordering U.S., Guatemala, Belize, and has coastlines along the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. 📍 Gulf of Mexico ✅ Hurricane Francine disrupted 42% of crude oil and 53% of natural gas production in the U.S. ✅ Large ocean basin, bordered by U.S., Mexico, and Cuba, draining the Mississippi and Rio Grande rivers. 📍 Amazon River ✅ Experiencing unprecedented drought, with historic low water levels. ✅ Originates in the Peruvian Andes, the largest river by water volume, draining into the Atlantic Ocean.

🔆 Organizations Before INC  📍 Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha (1836)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founder: Raja Ram Mohan Roy  📍 Zamindari Association (1837)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founder: Dwarkanath Tagore  📍 British India Society (1839)  ✅ Location: London  ✅ Founder: William Adam  📍 The Bengal British India Society (1843)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founders: Dwarkanath Tagore, Radhakant Deb  📍 British India Association (1851)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founders: Dwarkanath Tagore, Radhakant Deb  📍 Madras Native Association (1852)  ✅ Location: Madras  ✅ Founder: Gazalu Chetty  📍 Bombay Association (1852)  ✅ Location: Bombay  ✅ Founder: Jagannath Shankar Seth  📍 East India Association (1866)  ✅ Location: London  ✅ Founder: Dadabhai Naoroji  📍 Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870)  ✅ Location: Bombay (Poona)  ✅ Founders: M. G. Ranade, Ganesh Vasudev Joshi, S. H. Chipalunkar  📍 National Indian Association (1870)  ✅ Location: London  ✅ Founder: Mary Carpenter  📍 Indian Society (1872)  ✅ Location: London  ✅ Founder: Anand Mohan Bose  📍 Indian League (1875)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founder: Sisir Kumar Ghosh  📍 The Indian Association of Calcutta (1876)  ✅ Location: Bengal  ✅ Founders: S. N. Banerjea, Anand Mohan Bose  📍 The Madras Mahajan Sabha (1884)  ✅ Location: Madras  ✅ Founders: M. Veeraraghavachari, G. Subramania Aiyer, P. Anand Charlu  📍 Bombay Presidency Association (1885)  ✅ Location: Bombay  ✅ Founders: K. T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah mehta

✅ Bhagavad Gita & Natyashastra added to Unesco’s Memory of the World Register

✅ Shehnai Awarded GI Tag, Uttar Pradesh Overtakes TN With Most GI Tags Most no of GI tags - Uttar Pradesh Most no of Ramsar Sites - Tamil Nadu Most no of National Parks - Madhya Pradesh Most no of Elephant Reserves - Assam and Tamil Nadu (both 5) Largest Area under Forest Cover - Madhya Pradesh Largest Area under Forest Cover (% wise) - Mizoram 📎 Join and Share : @STUDY247R

📕 BOOK 🔶 The Great Conciliator: Lal Bahadur Shastri and the Transformation of India Author : Sanjeev Chopra

📚NEWLY APPOINTED SECRETARY 2024 -25📚:- 📝Arvind Shrivastava : Revenue Secretary 📝Anuradha Thakur : Economic Affairs Secretary 📝Vumlunmang Vualnam : Expenditure Secretary 📝Nidhi Tewari : private secretary to PM 📝Ajay Seth : Finance Secretary 📝Arunish Chawla : Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) Secretary 📝Govind Mohan : Home Secretary 📝Rajesh Kumar Singh : Defence Secretary 📝Vikram Misri : Foreign secretary 📝Deepti Umashankar : Secretary to the President. 📝T V Somanathan : Cabinet Secretary 📝Pramod Kumar Mishra : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister 📝Tarun Kapoor : Advisor to Prime Minister 📎 Join and Share : @STUDY247R

✅ TODAY'S CURRENT AFFAIRS 1. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has projected 6.5% growth rate for Indian economy in 2025. 2. RBI has imposed fines on three major banks. 3. Centre appoints new secretaries in different Ministries and departments. 4. 'Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay' - a compilation of PM Modi's Speeches on Culture was launched in New Delhi. 5. Centre has introduced new rules for measuring radar speed to increase road safety. 6. Global recognition of Gita and Natyashastra in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. 7. The Central Reserve Police Force is setting up its 11th COBRA battalion for anti-terror operations in Jammu and Kashmir. 8. Maharashtra has introduced a new language policy for schools. 9. The United States informed the World Trade Organisation that its steel and aluminum tariffs are based on national security concerns. 10. South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) will become the first coal PSU in India to use paste fill technology for underground mining. 📎 Join and Share : @STUDY247R