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Chandragupta I: Founder of the Gupta dynasty. тАв Samudragupta: Expanded the empire through military conquests, known as a great warrior. тАв Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya): Golden age of the Gupta empire, advancements in art, science, and literature. тАв Administration: Decentralized administration compared to the Mauryas, with greater autonomy for local rulers. тАв Decline: Huna invasions, weak successors, and internal rebellions. IV. Post-Gupta Period (c. 550-1206 CE): тАв Harshavardhana: Known for religious tolerance and patronage of the arts. Xuanzang, the Chinese pilgrim, visited India during his reign. тАв Chalukyas: Dominant power in the Deccan, known for architecture (ex: Virupaksha Temple). Southern Kingdoms: тАв Pallavas: Kown for their naval strength and patronage of art and architecture (e.g., Shore Temple). тАв Cholas: Maritime empire; greatest extent under Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola. (Ex: Brihadeeswarar Temple)

Deadly Stampedes in India Hathras (2024): At least 121 people, mostly women and children, were killed in a stampede during a religious event in Hathras, Uttar Pradesh. Mumbai Pedestrian Bridge (2017): 22 died in a stampede during rush hour. Allahabad Train Station (2013): 36 killed due to a platform change during Kumbh Mela. Naina Devi Temple (2008): Around 145 Hindu pilgrims were killed in a stampede at the Naina Devi temple in Himachal Pradesh, triggered by rumors of a landslide. Mandhardevi Temple (2005): More than 265 Hindu devotees lost their lives and hundreds were injured at the Mandhardevi temple in Maharashtra.

03 January 2024 Current Affairs тЮ╝ Every year on January 2, 'World Introvert Day' is celebrated all over the world. The purpose of this day is to honor the uniqueness of introverts and raise awareness towards them. рд╣рд░ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 02 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рдХреЛ рджреБрдирд┐рдпрд╛рднрд░ рдореЗрдВ тАШрд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрдореБрдЦреА рджрд┐рд╡рд╕тАЩ рдордирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕ рджрд┐рди рдХрд╛ рдЙрджреНрджреЗрд╢реНрдп рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрдореБрдЦреА рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЕрджреНрд╡рд┐рддреАрдпрддрд╛ рдХрд╛ рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдЬрд╛рдЧрд░реВрдХрддрд╛ рдмрдврд╝рд╛рдирд╛ рд╣реИред тЮ╝ Sale of tickets for the Republic Day parade and Beating Retreat will begin from January 2. According to the Defence Ministry, tickets can be purchased from Sena Bhawan, Shastri Bhawan, Jantar Mantar, Pragati Maidan and Rajiv Chowk metro station by showing original photo ID. рдЧрдгрддрдВрддреНрд░ рджрд┐рд╡рд╕ рдкрд░реЗрдб рдФрд░ рдмреАрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рд░рд┐рдЯреНрд░реАрдЯ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЯрд┐рдХрдЯреЛрдВ рдХреА рдмрд┐рдХреНрд░реА 2 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рд╕реЗ рд╢реБрд░реВ рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред рд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдордВрддреНрд░рд╛рд▓рдп рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдЯрд┐рдХрдЯ рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рднрд╡рди, рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рднрд╡рди, рдЬрдВрддрд░-рдордВрддрд░, рдкреНрд░рдЧрддрд┐ рдореИрджрд╛рди рдФрд░ рд░рд╛рдЬреАрд╡ рдЪреМрдХ рдореЗрдЯреНрд░реЛ рд╕реНрдЯреЗрд╢рди рд╕реЗ рдореВрд▓ рдлреЛрдЯреЛ рдкрд╣рдЪрд╛рди рдкрддреНрд░ рджрд┐рдЦрд╛рдХрд░ рдЦрд░реАрджреА рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИрдВред тЮ╝ Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra took over the Western Command of the Indian Air Force from Wednesday, January 1. He replaced Air Marshal Pankaj Sinha, who retired after over 39 years of service. рдПрдпрд░ рдорд╛рд░реНрд╢рд▓ рдЬрд┐рддреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдорд┐рд╢реНрд░рд╛ (Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra) рдиреЗ рдмреБрдзрд╡рд╛рд░ 1 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рд╕реЗ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╡рд╛рдпреБрд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреА рдкрд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдореА рдХрдорд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрднрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╣реИред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдПрдпрд░ рдорд╛рд░реНрд╢рд▓ рдкрдВрдХрдЬ рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ 39 рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдирд┐рд╡реГрддреНрдд рд╣реЛ рдЧрдП рд╣реИрдВред тЮ╝ Union Home Minister Amit Shah will attend the book release program as the chief guest in New Delhi on January 2. The book Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh: Throughthe Ages presents a history of three thousand years of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh in seven volumes. рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рдЧреГрд╣ рдордВрддреНрд░реА рдЕрдорд┐рдд рд╢рд╛рд╣ 2 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рдХреЛ рдирдИ рджрд┐рд▓реНтАНрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рдкреБрд╕реНтАНрддрдХ рд╡рд┐рдореЛрдЪрди рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рдореЗрдВ рдореБрдЦреНтАНрдп рдЕрддрд┐рдерд┐ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реБрдПред рдЬрдореНтАНрдореВ-рдХрд╢реНтАНрдореАрд░ рдПрдВрдб рд▓рджреНрджрд╛рдЦ : рдереНрд░реВ рдж рдПрдЬреЗрдЬрд╝ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрдХ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдд рдЦрдВрдбреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрдореНтАНрдореВ-рдХрд╢реНтАНрдореАрд░ рдФрд░ рд▓рджреНрджрд╛рдЦ рдХреЗ рддреАрди рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред тЮ╝ In the month of December last year, the total Goods and Services Tax- GST collection increased by 7.3 percent as compared to the same period of the year 2023 and it has reached Rs one lakh 77 thousand crore . рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░ рдорд╣реАрдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдХреБрд▓ рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рдФрд░ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдХрд░- GST рд╕рдВрдЧреНрд░рд╣ рдореЗрдВ, рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 2023 рдХреА рдЗрд╕реА рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐ рдХреА рддреБрд▓рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ 7.3 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдХреА рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐ рд╣реБрдИ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рд▓рд╛рдЦ 77 рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЛрдбрд╝ рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рд╣реЛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред тЮ╝ The Gujarat government has approved the creation of a new district called Vav-Thradby splitting the existing Banaskantha district in North Gujarat . This will be the 34th district of Gujarat, with its headquarters at Tharad. рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдХреЗ рдореМрдЬреВрджрд╛ рдмрдирд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рдВрдард╛ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдХреЗ рд╡рд╛рд╡-рдерд░рд╛рдж рдирд╛рдордХ рдПрдХ рдирдпрд╛ рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЛ рдордВрдЬреВрд░реА рджреА рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдХрд╛ 34рд╡рд╛рдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдерд░рд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ред тЮ╝ Senior IPS officer of 1993 batch 'Vitul Kumar' has been appointed as the new Director General (DG) of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). He will replace IPS Anish Dayal Singh, who retired from the post of CRPF DG on December 31, 2024. 1993 рдмреИрдЪ рдХреЗ рд╡рд░рд┐рд╖реНрда рдЖрдИрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА тАШрд╡рд┐рддреБрд▓ рдХреБрдорд╛рд░тАЩ рдХреЛ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдмрд▓ (CRPF) рдХрд╛ рдирдпрд╛ рдорд╣рд╛рдирд┐рджреЗрд╢рдХ (DG) рдирд┐рдпреБрдХреНрдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╡рд╣ 31 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░, 2024 рдХреЛ CRPF рдбреАрдЬреА рдХреЗ рдкрдж рд╕реЗ рд░рд┐рдЯрд╛рдпрд░ рд╣реБрдП рдЖрдИрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдЕрдиреАрд╢ рджрдпрд╛рд▓ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреА рдЬрдЧрд╣ рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗред

Steps the government has taken to manage water stress тЬЕMaster Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 envisages construction of about 1.42 crore rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge structures in the country to harness 185 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) of monsoon rainfall. тЬЕPradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) with an aim to enhance physical access of water on farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on farm water use efficiency, introduce sustainable water conservation practices etc. тЬЕAtal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) has been launched in 2019 with the objective to improve the management of ground water resources including rainwater harvesting in water stressed areas through community participation in identified priority areas in 7 states viz. Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. тЬЕMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) includes water conservation and water harvesting structures as one of the activities under its natural resource management (NRM) component тЬЕFinancial assistance given to various States under 15th Finance Commission tied grants can be inter alia utilized for rainwater harvesting.

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PM-ABHIM scheme тЬЕWhy in news: The Delhi High Court directed the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the implementation of the PM-ABHIM. тЬЕIt was launched on 25th October 2021 with an outlay of Rs. 64,180 Crore. тЬЕTo be implemented over five years (2021-2026). тЬЕIt includes both Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and Central Sector (CS) components. тЬЕIt focuses on improving health systems at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels, and preparing for future pandemics. тЬЕObjectives :Aims to strengthen public health infrastructure, surveillance, and health research across urban and rural areas. тЬЕKey Measures under PM-ABHIM: Support for States/UTs to build Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAM) in rural and urban areas. тЬЕStrengthening of Block Public Health Units and Integrated District Public Health Labs. Development of Critical Care Hospital Blocks. тЬЕEnhancing surveillance, health emergency response, research, and pandemic preparedness. тЬЕOne Health approach to manage infectious diseases in humans and animals.

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01 January 2025 Current Affairs in English & Hindi   тЮ╝  The Railway Ministry will operate three thousand special trains for the Kumbh Mela Prayagraj 2025. Out of these, 560 trains will run on the ring rail route built in Prayagraj. The Maha Kumbh will be organized in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh from January 13 to February 26 . рд░реЗрд▓ рдордВрддреНрд░рд╛рд▓рдп рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рдЧрд░рд╛рдЬ рдорд╣рд╛рдХреБрдВрдн рдореЗрд▓рд╛ 2025 (Kumbh mela Prayagraj 2025) рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рддреАрди рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖ рд░реЗрд▓рдЧрд╛рдбрд┐рд╝рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░реЗрдЧрд╛ред рдЗрдирдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ 560 рд░реЗрд▓рдЧрд╛рдбрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рдЧрд░рд╛рдЬ рдореЗрдВ рдмрдирд╛рдП рд░рд┐рдВрдЧ рд░реЗрд▓ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рдкрд░ рдЪрд▓реЗрдВрдЧреАред рдорд╣рд╛рдХреБрдВрдн рдХрд╛ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрди 13 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рд╕реЗ 26 рдлрд░рд╡рд░реА рддрдХ рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рдЧрд░рд╛рдЬ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ред   тЮ╝  The Central Board of Direct Taxes-CBDT has extended the deadline for 'Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme' from December 31, 2024 to January 31, 2025. This will give taxpayers additional time to determine the amount due as specified in the scheme. рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдХрд░ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб-CBDT рдиреЗ тАШрд╡рд┐рд╡рд╛рдж рд╕реЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛тАЩ рдХреА рд╕рдордп рд╕реАрдорд╛ 31 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░, 2024 рд╕реЗ рдмрдврд╝рд╛рдХрд░ 31 рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА, 2025 рдХрд░ рджреА рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдХрд░рджрд╛рддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд░реНрджрд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рджреЗрдп рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рд╕рдордп рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдЧрд╛ред   тЮ╝  Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman held the sixth pre-budget consultation meeting with experts and representatives of the health and education sector in the capital New Delhi on Monday, 30 December. рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рд╡рд┐рддреНрдд рдордВрддреНрд░реА рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд▓рд╛ рд╕реАрддрд╛рд░рдордг рдиреЗ рд╕реЛрдорд╡рд╛рд░ 30 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░ рдХреЛ рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреА рдирдИ рджрд┐рд▓реНтАНрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рд╕реНрдереНрдп рдПрд╡рдВ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЫрдареЗ рдмрдЬрдЯ-рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рдкрд░рд╛рдорд░реНрд╢ рдмреИрдардХ рдХреА рд╣реИред   тЮ╝  With the aim of expanding security and bilateral relations, the 18th edition of the India-Nepal military exercise 'Suryakiran' has started on Tuesday, 31 December, at Saljhandi in Rupandehi. Let us tell you that the Shri Jung Battalion of the Nepali Army and the 11th Gorkha Rifles of the Indian Army will participate in the two-week long training. The 17th edition of the joint exercise was held in Pithoragarh, India last year. рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдФрд░ рджреНрд╡рд┐рдкрдХреНрд╖реАрдп рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдЙрджреНрджреЗрд╢реНрдп рд╕реЗ рднрд╛рд░рдд-рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рд╕реИрдиреНрдп рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ тАШрд╕реВрд░реНрдпрдХрд┐рд░рдгтАЩ рдХрд╛ 18рд╡рд╛рдВ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд░рдг рдордВрдЧрд▓рд╡рд╛рд░ 31 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░ рдХреЛ рд░реВрдкрдирджреЗрд╣реА рдХреЗ рд╕рд▓рдЭрдВрдбреА рдореЗрдВ рд╢реБрд░реВ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИред рдмрддрд╛ рджреЗрдВ рдХрд┐ рджреЛ рд╕рдкреНрддрд╛рд╣ рддрдХ рдЪрд▓рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдг рдореЗрдВ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреА рд╢реНрд░реА рдЬрдВрдЧ рдмрдЯрд╛рд▓рд┐рдпрди рдФрд░ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреА 11рд╡реАрдВ рдЧреЛрд░рдЦрд╛ рд░рд╛рдЗрдлрд▓ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдЧреАред рд╡рд╣реАрдВ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдХрд╛ 17рд╡рд╛рдВ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд░рдг рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдкрд┐рдереЛрд░рд╛рдЧрдврд╝ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред   тЮ╝  The National Cadet Corps-NCC Republic Day Camp-2025 began on Monday, December 30 with Sarva Dharma Puja at Cariappa Parade Ground in New Delhi. A total of 2,361 cadets from all 28 states and 8 union territories are participating in the month-long camp. рд░рд╛рд╖реНтАНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдХреИрдбреЗрдЯ рдХреМрд░-NCC рдЧрдгрддрдВрддреНрд░ рджрд┐рд╡рд╕ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░-2025 рд╕реЛрдорд╡рд╛рд░ 30 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░ рд╕реЗ рдирдИ рджрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЗ рдХрд░рд┐рдЕрдкреНрдкрд╛ рдкрд░реЗрдб рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдЙрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░реНрд╡ рдзрд░реНрдо рдкреВрдЬрд╛ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд╢реБрд░реВ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИред рдПрдХ рдорд╣реАрдиреЗ рддрдХ рдЪрд▓рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд┐рд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рднреА 28 рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреЛрдВ рдФрд░ 8 рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕рд┐рдд рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдХреБрд▓ 2,361 рдХреИрдбреЗрдЯ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕рд╛ рд▓реЗ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред    тЮ╝  The Indian Space Research Organisation-ISRO has successfully launched the Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX) mission on Monday, December 30. ISRO's PSLV-C60 rocket has been launched with two spacecraft from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota.  рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдЕрдВрддрд░рд┐рдХреНрд╖ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рдВрдзрд╛рди рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди-ISRO рдиреЗ рд╕реЛрдорд╡рд╛рд░ 30 рджрд┐рд╕рдВрдмрд░ рдХреЛ рд╕реНрдкреЗрд╕ рдбреЙрдХрд┐рдВрдЧ рдПрдХреНрд╕рдкреЗрд░рд┐рдореЗрдВрдЯ (SPADEX) рдорд┐рд╢рди рдХрд╛ рд╕рдлрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд╖реЗрдкрдг рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╢реНрд░реАрд╣рд░рд┐рдХреЛрдЯрд╛ рдХреЗ рд╕рддреАрд╢ рдзрд╡рди рдЕрдВрддрд░рд┐рдХреНрд╖ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЗрд╕рд░реЛ рдХреЗ PSLV-рд╕реА60 рд░реЙрдХреЗрдЯ рдХреЛ рджреЛ рдЕрдВрддрд░рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдпрд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд╖реЗрдкрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред    тЮ╝  Chess Grandmaster Ramesh Babu Vaishali has qualified for the knockout stage of the women's category of  the FIDE World Blitz Championship 2024. She is the only Indian player to cross the first hurdle of the competition in both the women's and open categories. рд╢рддрд░рдВрдЬ рдореЗрдВ рдЧреНрд░реИрдВрдбрдорд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд░ тАШрд░рдореЗрд╢ рдмрд╛рдмреВ рд╡реИрд╢рд╛рд▓реАтАЩ (Vaishali Rameshbabu) рдиреЗ рдлрд┐рдбреЗ рд╡рд░реНрд▓реНрдб рдмреНрд▓рд┐рдЯреНрдЬ рдЪреИрдВрдкрд┐рдпрдирд╢рд┐рдк 2024 рдХреЗ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдЧ рдХреЗ рдиреЙрдХ рдЖрдЙрдЯ рдЪрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкрд╛рддреНрд░рддрд╛ рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рд▓ рдХреА рд╣реИред рд╡реЗ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдФрд░ рдУрдкрди рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╡рд░реНрдЧреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдпреЛрдЧрд┐рддрд╛ рдХреА рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдзрд╛ рдкрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдПрдХрдорд╛рддреНрд░ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдбрд╝реА рд╣реИрдВред 

Which type of soil has the above mentioned features?
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Consider the following statements 1. They experience intense leaching. 2. They can be both rich and poor in humus. 3. They are well suited for growing tea, coffee, cashew nut etc.

I. Mauryan Empire (c. 322-185 BCE): тАв Chandragupta Maurya: Founder, aided by Chanakya (Kautilya), author of Arthashastra (treatise on statecraft) тАв Bindusara: Expanded the empire further. тАв Ashoka: Famous for his conversion to Buddhism after the Kalinga War, promoted Dhamma through edicts inscribed on pillars and rocks. тАв Administration: Centralized administration, with a complex bureaucratic system. тАв Decline: Weak successors, regional revolts, and financial pressures. II. Post-Mauryan Period (c. 185 BCE - 320 CE): тАв Shunga Dynasty: Pushed back the Mauryans, focused on Brahmanical revival. тАв Kanva Dynasty: Short-lived dynasty that succeeded the Shungas. тАв Indo-Greeks: Invaded northwestern India, some converted to Buddhism (e.g., Menander). тАв Shakas: Established kingdoms in western and northern India. тАв Kushanas: Ruled a vast empire, Kanishka is a prominent ruler, patron of Buddhism. тАв Satavahanas: Powerful dynasty in the Deccan region, known for their patronage of art and literature.

Manas National Park тЦкя╕П located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya ( Assam), international border dividing India and Bhutan тЦкя╕П Name originated from the Manas River and Serpent Goddess Manasa. тЦкя╕П Declared a World Heritage Site in December 1985 by UNESCO. тЦкя╕П In 1990 the Manas National Park declared world heritage site in danger due to heavy poaching and terriost activities but in 2011 it was removed from this list. тЦкя╕П Project tiger reserve тЦкя╕П Elephant reserve тЦкя╕П Biosphere reserve тЦкя╕П Heavy Rainfall occurs region. тЦкя╕П Himalayan Subtropical Broadleaf forest. тЦкя╕П Two biomes: Grassland and Forest. тЦкя╕П combination of Sub-Himalayan Bhabar Terai formation leading up to the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests (semi-evergreen)

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Omkareshwar Floating Solar Project is inaugurated in which state recently?
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Greenland тЬЕCapital: Nuuk тЬЕHighest Point: GunnbjornтАЩs Fjeld тЬЕGreenland is the worldтАЩs largest island, lying in the North Atlantic Ocean. тЬЕIt is geographically part of the North American continent but politically associated with Europe as an autonomous territory of Denmark. тЬЕBorders: It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Greenland Sea to the east, the North Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, the Davis Strait to the southwest, Baffin Bay to the west, and the Nares Strait and Lincoln Sea to the northwest. тЬЕGreenland shares its maritime borders with Canada, Iceland and Norway. тЬЕNortheast Greenland National Park is the worldтАЩs largest national park. тЬЕClimate: Two-thirds of Greenland lies above the Arctic Circle, creating frigid climate year-round.

Sagar Island, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?
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