BDS 2nd year notes nd books🦷

The advers drug effects may be categorised into; 1)side effects 2) secondary effect 3) toxic effects 4) intolerance 5) idiosyncrasy 6)drug allergy 7) photosensitivity 8) drug dependence and drug addiction 9)drug withdrawal reactions 10)teratogenicity

Cardinal features of drug allergy • Manifestations are unrelated to the pharmacodynamics action of drug. • manifestation r similar to food/protein allergy, allergic diseases • reaction is poorly correlated with dose of the drug • occur only in few receipt, can't be produced in other individuals • prior sensitisation is needed

Idiosyncrasy Idiosyncrasy refers to genetically determined abnormal reactivity to a chemical producing an uncharacteristic reaction. Certain adverse effects of some drugs are largely restricted to individual with a particular genotype . In addition, certain bizzare drug effect due to peculiarities of an individual (for which no definite genotype has been discribed). 1) Barbiturates cause excitement and mental confusion in some individuals. 2) chloramphenicol produces non-dose - related serious aplastic Anaemia in rare individuals.

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Inelastic impression materials; Impression plaster: Beta-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (W/P 0.5 - 0.6) ZOE- impression paste

Elastomeric impression materials; Polysulfide The base paste: • polysulfide polymer contains a multifunctional mercaptan (-SH) called a polysulfide polymer •filler (lithopone or titanium dioxide) strength •plasticizer(dibutyl phthalate) appropriate viscosity to the paste •small quantity of sulfur (0.5%) accelerator The catalyst; lead dioxide, oleic or stearic acid as a retarder to control the rate of setting reaction. SH groups interact with oxygen released from lead dioxide. Completion of the condensation reaction results in Water as a byproduct . Condensation silicone (hydrophobic) Base paste Alpha-omega-hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Catalyst: stannous octoate (rxn of tri-and Tetra- functional alkyl silicates ) Byproduct + ethyl alcohol Addition silicone(hydrophobic) (polyvinyl siloxane)or vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) Addition polymerization between(base paste divinylpolysiloxane n polymethylhydrosiloxane) with platinum salt as a catalyst . Polyether(hydrophilic) 1) ring opening polymerization of aziridine rings (main chain is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran ) Base paste ; Polyether polymer, colloidal silica as filler, a plasticizer such as glycol ether or phthalate Catalyst paste; alkyl - aromatic sulfonate in addition to the filler and plasticizer. 2) acid catalysed condensation polymerization of polyether prepolymer with alkoxysilane terminal grp.

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Testing for setting of gypsum products. 1)loss of gloss test 2)Gillmore's test 3)Vicat test for setting time Control of the setting time 1) solubility of the hemihydrate 2)no. Of nucleic of crystallization 3)rate of crystal growth

Guys if anyone of u need personal notes for the second year last time preparation as exams are approaching... I'll provide u with the study material according to the questions important in ur University exam. For following DM me and each chapter will cost Rs 5 to 15 according to its importance in the same

Annealing Effects associated with the cold working e.g., (strain, hardening)can be reversed by simple heating of the metal. 1) recovery 2) recrystallization 3) grain growth