SHUBHAM KUMAR IAS AIR 1 (2020)

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The Hindu Newspapers GS GK UPSC PDF: Olive Ridley sea turtle 🖌The Olive Ridley sea turtle is the most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world. 🖌It is found in warm and tropical waters, primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. 🖌It is best known for their unique mass nesting called arribada, where thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs. 🖌IUCN status: Vulnerable. Every year December 24 is celebrated annually in India as National Consumer Rights Day, also called National Consumer Day, to commemorate December 24, 1986, when the Consumer Protection Act received assent of the President of India. The purpose of the day is to make consumers aware of their rights and responsibilities. Consumer Protection Act came into existence on 24 December, 1986 following approval of the President of India. The Act was enforced to make consumers more aware of their rights. About Consumer Protection Act 2019 In August 2019, the Consumer Protection Act 2019 was passed by parliament. It came into force in July 2020 and replaced the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The Act includes the establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to promote, protect, and enforce the rights of consumers. Some Rules and Regulations • According to the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission Rule, no fee for filing cases up to Rs. 5 lakh. • The credit for the amount due to unidentifiable consumers will go to the Consumer Welfare Fund (CWF). • The information will be furnished by the State Commissions to the Central Government on a quarterly basis on vacancies, disposal, the pendency of cases, and other matters. • There are also Central Consumer Protection Council Rules apart from these general rules. It provided for the constitution of the Central Consumer Protection Council (CCPC). ✅ASIGMA 🖌Indian Army launched a contemporary messaging application named ASIGMA. 🖌ASIGMA stands for Army Secure IndiGeneous Messaging Application. 🖌It is a new generation, state-of-the-art, web based application developed entirely in-house by team of officers of the Corps of Signals of the Army. 🖌The application is being deployed on the Army’s internal network as a replacement of Army Wide Area Network messaging application which has been in service for the past 15 years. 🖌The application has been fielded on Army owned hardware.  🖌It has a variety of contemporary features including multi-level security, message prioritisation and tracking. 🖌This future ready messaging application will meet real time data transfer and messaging requirements of the Army.

#mains #ARC2_recommendations I used to complement this with other ARC2 recommendations which I used to find in mains VisionIAS model answers!!

#Anthropology 1) Don’t write GS type answers in Anthropology You should mention 2-3 thinkers, if possible their studies and books. Also mention case studies. Current relevance and anthropological angle. To find anthropological angle try to related questions with the specific part of syllabus Many questions especially in paper 2 would look like GS question example Khap panchayat (asked in cse 2020) But you should relate it with Anthropology syllabus. Example Khap panchayat- you can mention tussle between traditional panchayat(khap) and democratic panchayat. You can mention 2 Indian thinkers who have spoken about this tussle and village dynamics You can mention sub-heading like ANYHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE and CURRENT RELEVANCE in your answers

#Polity GS Paper 2 The article is about the rise of hate speech and takes the help of different court judgement to explain the meaning of hate speech. ➡️US SC in Chaplinsky vs New Hampshire held that hate speech should be prohibited as it they are injurious to the peace. Secondly it is against individual dignity ➡️ The members of hate speech group views other as enemy and refuse them to accept as legitimate and equal members of society. ➡️ Hate speech puts social barrier to full participation in a democracy. What is Hate Speech?? Ans:- It is generally understood as any kind of communication in speech, writing or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are. In other words, it is based on their religion ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identity factors. Government effort to handle Hate speech:- T K Viswanathan committee:- 1. Appoint cybercrime coordinators in all states 2. Establish cybercrime cells in each district. 3. Replace some clauses of the IT Act, 2000 and amend some sections of IPC like 153, 505A to deal with online hate crimes. 4. The punishment under the amended clause which deals with the prohibition of incitement to hatred is two years imprisonment or fine of Rs. 5,000 or both. 5. Offences under amended Section 505A are punishable with imprisonment of up to one year or fine of Rs. 5,000 or both. 6. State cybercrime coordinator should be an officer not below the rank of Inspector General of Police (IGP). 7. The head of district cybercrime cell should be an officer not below the rank of sub-inspector of police.

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🔥What is the New York Convention? -The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, also known as the "New York Arbitration Convention" or the "New York Convention", is one of the key instruments in international arbitration. -The convention applies to the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards and the referral by a court to arbitration. -The Convention was adopted by the United Nations(UN) following a diplomatic conference held in 1958 at the UN Headquarters in New York and entered into force in 1959.

...The article reflects the understanding of criteria required to avail EWS quota. Right now the criteria is one whose family income is less than 8 lakh can avail 10% reservation. Other criteria are:- 1. Also persons whose family owns or possesses any of the following assets shall be excluded from being identified as EWS, irrespective of the family income: (i) Five acres of agricultural land and above; (ii) Residential area of of 1,000 sq ft and above; (iii) Residential plot of 100 sq yards and above in notified municipalities; (iv) Residential plot of 200 sq yards and above in areas other than the notified municipalities. Now the context of the debate is :- A set of petitions in the court challenging the income limit criterion of EWS at Rs 8 lakh per annum. The case came in the context of admission to medical colleges through the NEET exam. 👇👇👇👇 ➡️ Actually this reservation in NEET exam comes under category of All India Quota system. So the question arises what is this? Ans:- AIQ is the portion of seats in the medical colleges under the state that is given to the union government. States are required to give 15 percent medical undergrad seats and 50 percent PG seats to the Centre now. When the reservation for scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST) was implemented in this AIQ, there was no OBC quota earlier. Now the government has introduced both OBC and EWS reservation in medical colleges which is AIQ. ➡️ The petitions argued several issues like breach of the 50 percent quota threshold directed by a 1992 Supreme Court ruling, lack of study and justification on the EWS reservation criteria, and the government decision on EWS reservation in admission through NEET. ➡️ SC simply asked the government on above issues and government asked for 4 weeks to reply. Let's see what happens ONCE THE COMMITTEE SUBMITS ITS REPORT ...

Black Sea -Black Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean. It is located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia -Border countries: Black Sea is bordered by six countries – Romania and Bulgaria to the west; Ukraine, Russia and Georgia to the north and east and Turkey to the south. -It is surrounded by the Pontic, Caucasus, and Crimean Mountains in the south, east and north respectively. -The Turkish straits system - the Dardanelles, Bosporus and Marmara Sea - forms a transitional zone between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. -The Black Sea is also connected to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch.

#Polity GS PAPER 2 Context:- Recently, Rajya Sabha reserved its decision to allow the introduction of a Private Member’s Bill to amend the Preamble to the Constitution. The Bill seeks to change the words in the Preamble “EQUALITY of status and of opportunity” to “EQUALITY of status and of opportunity to be born, to be fed, to be educated, to get a job and to be treated with dignity. Can Preamble be amended? Ans:- Kesavananda Bharati case bench has held that Preamble is the part of the constitution and it can be amended but, Parliament cannot amend the basic features of the preamble. The court observed, “The edifice of our constitution is based upon the basic element in the Preamble. If any of these elements are removed the structure will not survive and it will not be the same constitution and will not be able to maintain its identity.” What is Private Member Bill and what are its features? Ans:- A Bill introduced by a Member of Parliament, who is not a Minister, is a Private Member’s Bill Features:- ☑️Subject of the Bill should relate to the subjects included in the Union or Concurrent List contained in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. ☑️Notices of Bills are required to be accompanied by copies of the text of the Bill, together with a Statement of Objects and Reasons, duly signed by the member giving notice. ☑️If the bill involves expenditure from Consolidate fund of India, It must also give an estimate of recurring and non-recurring expenditures likely to be involved in case the Bill is passed into law. ☑️A Bill which, if enacted, and involve expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, cannot be taken into consideration or referred to a Select/Joint Committee unless the member obtains the recommendation of the President for consideration of the Bill under Article 117(3) of the Constitution.

#Polity GS PAPER 2 Context:- Demand of Greater Tiparaland What is this deamand? Ans:- ✅Greater Tipraland is an extension of the demand for Tiparaland, a separate state of Tripura tribals , by 'Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura (IPFT). ✅The main demand of the proposed model is to include every tribal person living in the village outside the 'Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council' (TTAADC). ✅It is important to note that this idea of Greater Tipraland is not confined only to the areas under the Tribal Council of Tripura. There has been talk of including Tiparasa group people from other states like Assam, Mizoram and peoples from places outside India like Bandarban, Chittagong, Khagrachari and other areas around Bangladesh.

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SHUBHAM KUMAR IAS AIR 1 (2020) This is Shubham Kumar, AIR 1 CSE 2020. This is my official telegram channel through which I would be sharing my notes and strategy. https://t.me/subhamkumar_ias

#Indian society GS PAPER 1 PANDEMIC AND DISABILITY The pandemic affected various ethnic and social groups quite disproportionately. In this context, Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) occupy a special place. Being quite vulnerable and suffering from certain ailments, they lag behind the general population in terms of education, nutrition, employment, economic and social participation, etc. Initiatives during Pandemic:- 1. In terms of economic support, NHRC issued advisory to provide direct financial support to those PwDs which have lost employment due to the pandemic and timely issuance of disability pensions. 2. Unique Disability ID has been issued by Department of Social justice and empowerment which has been used for vaccination drive. 3. The most important measure was providing food and ration support to PwDs irrespective of possession of disability certificates by them. 4. Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities issued advisory to ensure the supply of essential support services, personal assistance, and physical and communication accessibility to PwDs during quarantine