Embedded - ->for u

Advantages of Optical-fibre sensors 👉 Contain no moving parts or electrical circuitry; hence, are immune to all forms of electrical interferences 👉 No possibility of spark, so are safe to be used in hazardous sensing environments, such as oil refineries, grain bins, mining operations, pharmaceutical manufacturing and chemical processing 👉 No danger of electrical shocks while repairing broken fibresSmall and lightweight 👉 Have excellent range, resolution and multiplexing capabilities 👉 Resistant to high temperature and explosive environment

Types of optical-fibre sensors 👉 Core may be of two types: plastic or glass. 👉 According to location of sensor: intrinsic fibre-optical and extrinsic fibre-optical 👉 Based on operating principles: intensity, phase and polarisation 👉 Based on application: chemical, physical and bio-medical

Why integrate optical fibre in sensor technology 👉 Optical fibre makes use of optical principle, and is based on total internal reflection of light.  👉 An optical-fibre cable consists of core and clading, both of which have different refractive indices. Core has a high refractive index, while clading has a low refractive index. 👉An optical-fibre cable receives light beam as input, which is nothing but the quantity to be measured, as sensed by input of the sensor. 👉 Input for the cable is provided by a broadband light source such as LED, or narrow-band light source such as laser diode. This light beam travels through the optical fibre without any loss. It is dispersed at an angle of 60 degrees and emitted to the target ..

Optical Fibre Sensors  👉 Fundamentally, fibre-optic sensors make use of optical fibre as an essential element to transfer and amplify the quantity to be measured. 👉 Optical fibre is an important element in modern electronics communication such as broadband Internet. 👉 Even today, optical fibre can be used in sensor technology to increase accuracy and capability.

Customer Support & Community Commercial softwares usually offer paid customer support but R and Python do not have customer service support which means you are on your own if you face any trouble. Both the languages have online communities for help though.Python has a greater community support as compared to R.

Popularity Now if we look at the popularity of both the languages, they started from the same level a decade ago but Python witnessed a huge growth in popularity and was ranked first in 2016 as compared to R that ranked 6th in the list. Python users are more loyal to their language when compared to the users of the latter as the percentage of switching from R to Python is twice as large as Python to R. The software companies have been more inclined towards technologies such as Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence and Big data which explains the growth in the demand for Python developers. Although, both the languages can be used for statistics and analysis, Python has a slight edge over the other due to its simplicity and ranks higher on the job trends.

Flexibility R It is easy to use complex formulas in R and also the statistical tests and models are readily available and easily used. Python Python is a flexible language when it comes to building something from scratch. It is also used for scripting a website or other applications.

Graphics & Visualization R Visualized data is understood efficiently and more effectively than raw values. R consists of numerous packages that provide advanced graphical capabilities. Python Visualizations are important while choosing data analysis software and Python has some amazing visualization libraries. It has more number of libraries but they are complex and gives a tidy output.

Data Handling Capabilities R R is convenient for analysis due to the huge number of packages, readily usable tests and the advantage of using formulas. But it can also be used for basic data analysis without the installation of any package. Python The Python packages for data analysis were an issue but this has improved with the recent versions. Numpy and Pandas are used for data analysis in Python. It is also suitable for parallel computation.

Speed R R is a low-level programming language due to which it requires longer codes for simple procedures. This is one reason for the reduced speed. Python Python is a high-level programming language and it has been the choice for building critical yet fast applications.

R R has a steep learning curve and people with less or no experience in programming finds it difficult in the beginning. Once you get a grip of the language, it is not that hard to understand. Python Python emphasizes on productivity and code readability which makes it one of the simplest programming languages. It is preferable due to its ease of learning and understandability.

R vs Python : Battle of the Best Programming Languages 👉 R was introduced for data analytics whereas Python was developed as a general purpose language. 👉 R is mostly preferred for hoc analysis and exploring datasets whereas the python is suitable for data manipulation and repeated tasks.

Applications of humidity sensors 👉 A humidity sensor is found as part of home heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC systems).  👉 These are also used in offices, cars, humidors, museums, industrial spaces and greenhouses and are also used in meteorology stations to report and predict weather. 👉 Humidity Indicator In industries such as textile, the change in moisture content has a direct impact on the properties of fabric, such as tensile strength, elasticity, fibre diameter and friction. 👉 Fridge Temperature and Humidity Indicator The small sniffer device, picks up temperature and humidity from inside the fridge and transmits on an RF link to a nearby receiver unit. The receiver unit checks the received code, identifies the right sniffer device and displays live temperature and humidity. 

Humidity Sensor 👉 A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports both moisture and air temperature. The ratio of moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture at a particular air temperature is called relative humidity. 👉 Humidity sensors work by detecting changes that alter electrical currents or temperature in the air. 👉 There are three basic types of humidity sensors: - Capacitive - Resistive - Thermal

Structure of an electronic pill

👉 In 1972, Dr John Cooper and Dr Eric Johannessen from Glasgow University (UK) developed the electronic pill.  👉 An electronic pill has a 16mm diameter, 55mm length and 5gm weight, and can be swallowed. 👉 It is covered by a chemically-resistant polyether-terketone (PEEK) coating. 👉 As soon as the pill moves through the gastrointestinal track, it starts to detect diseases and abnormalities. 👉 The pill can easily reach areas such as small and large intestines, and deliver real-time information to an external system. 👉 Data collected is then displayed on a monitor.

👉 To carry out these functions, the pill is powered by an edible battery and equipped with appropriate sensors. 👉 It is important to assure that the materials used to make an edible battery are not toxic to humans, as this can cause significant complications if it gets into the digestive tract. 👉 An electronic pill contains sensors or tiny cameras that collect information as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract before being excreted from the body a day or two later. 👉 The capsule takes measurements of the local pH and temperature inside the body. 👉 This electronic invention transmits information such as acidity, pressure and temperature levels, or images of the esophagus and intestines to the doctor’s computer for analysis. 👉 Electronic pills are also being used to measure muscle contraction, ease of passage and other factors of the body to reveal information that was unavailable in the past.