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Which of the following is this patient at increased risk of? A 36-year-old man presents with a week-long history of bilateral red eye. Three days ago, he developed sudden-onset vertigo, tinnitus, and nausea. He has also had fluctuating hearing loss in that time. His past medical records show he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at the age of 15, and his disease has since been well controlled on pharmacotherapy. Ocular examination reveals conjunctival hyperemia, and the patient is noted to have an ataxic gait. Which of the following is this patient at increased risk of given his most likely diagnosis?

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The central nervous system! 😱 Picture clearly shows the cranial nerves so clear you can see them branch out to the face and down to the rest of the body! As well as seeing fibers coming from the Corpus Callosum! . The Corpus Callosum is the part of the brain that allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain. It is responsible for transmitting neural messages between both the right and left hemispheres. Where does the optic nerve terminate? 🤔😌

Severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis This was case of young male with severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis severe as shown in pic occurs in approx. 10-20% of heavy drinkers. We have to keep thinking in overall perspective, because most heavy drinkers actually die because of hemoragic shock caused by ruptured espohageal varicose vein.

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Breath Holding Spells Breath holding spell is a phenomenon in children aged between 6 months to 18 months characterized by episodes of breath holding. These episodes are triggered by anger, frustration, or painful incident. As a result of forced expiration during crying, the child may become cyanotic, lose muscle tone, and sometimes, even become unconscious. The condition is self-limiting hence reassurance is adequate. 🔴Please share with your friends as much you can 🔴 @Physioscare

Transillumination of a newborn's head! This case is an example of a rare condition called Hydranencephaly, characterised by destruction of the cerebral hemispheres which are transformed into a membranous sac containing cerebrospinal fluid and the remnants of cortex and white matter. Transillumination is the shining of a light through a body area or organ to check for abnormalities. The room lights are dimmed or turned off so that the area of the body may be seen more easily. A bright light is then pointed at that area. This test may be done along with other tests to diagnose hydrocephalus in newborns or infants, hydrocele in males breast lesions or cysts in females, and even sinusitis! In general, transillumination is not an accurate enough test to rely on. Further tests, such as an x-ray, CT, or ultrasound, are needed to confirm the diagnosis.

*Malaria* Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. SYMPTOMS : The symptoms of malaria typically develop within 10 days to 4 weeks following the infection. In some cases, symptoms may not develop for several months. Some malarial parasites can enter the body but will be dormant for long periods of time. Common symptoms of malaria include: shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe high fever profuse sweating headache nausea vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea anemia muscle pain convulsions coma bloody stools CAUSES: Malaria is caused by a type of microscopic parasite. The parasite is transmitted to humans most commonly through mosquito bites. Uninfected mosquito. A mosquito becomes infected by feeding on a person who has malaria. Transmission of parasite. If this mosquito bites you in the future, it can transmit malaria parasites to you. In the liver. Once the parasites enter your body, they travel to your liver — where some types can lie dormant for as long as a year. Into the bloodstream. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect your red blood cells. This is when people typically develop malaria symptoms. On to the next person. If an uninfected mosquito bites you at this point in the cycle, it will become infected with your malaria parasites and can spread them to the other people it bites. Other modes of transmission Because the parasites that cause malaria affect red blood cells, people can also catch malaria from exposure to infected blood, including: From mother to unborn child Through blood transfusions By sharing needles used to inject drugs COMPLICATIONS ; As complications of severe malaria can occur within hours or days of the first symptoms, it's important to seek urgent medical help as soon as possible. Anaemia The destruction of red blood cells by the malaria parasite can cause severe anaemia. Cerebral malaria In rare cases, malaria can affect the brain. This is known as cerebral malaria, which can cause your brain to swell, sometimes leading to permanent brain damage. It can also cause fits (seizures) or coma. Other complications that can arise as a result of severe malaria include: liver failure and jaundice – yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes shock – a sudden drop in blood pressure pulmonary oedema – a build-up of fluid in the lungs acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) abnormally low blood sugar – hypoglycaemia kidney failure TREATMENT : Malaria is treated with prescription drugs to kill the parasite. The types of drugs and the length of treatment will vary, depending on: Which type of malaria parasite you have The severity of your symptoms Your age Whether you're pregnant The most common antimalarial drugs include: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). ACTs are, in many cases, the first line treatment for malaria. There are several different types of ACTs. Examples include artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) and artesunate-amodiaquine. Each ACT is a combination of two or more drugs that work against the malaria parasite in different ways. Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite that is sensitive to the drug. But in many parts of the world, the parasites that cause malaria are resistant to chloroquine, and the drug is no longer an effective treatment. Other common antimalarial drugs include: Combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone) Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin) with doxycycline (Vibramycin, Monodox, others) Mefloquine Primaquine phosphate

#covid #update #triplemutant #ShareIt Times might be worse ahead for Indians as the doctors have claimed that the new varieties of COVID19 ie. double & triple mutants are causing new symptoms. "We're seeing patients with diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rashes, conjunctivitis, confusion state, brain fog, bluish discolouration of fingers & toes, bleeding through nose & throat apart from usual symptoms -sore throat, body ache, fever, loss of smell & taste." said Dr Chandra, Consultant Physician, Helvetia Medical Centre,Delhi. The scientists are currently researching these new mutations as it is currently not defined if the vaccines work on triple mutant, although for double mutant, the vaccines have been tested and are working. "The current wave of the coronavirus pandemic in Delhi could have been fuelled by the UK variant as its prevalence in genomes sequenced nearly doubled from the second to the last week of March" said Sujeet Singh, director of the National Centre for Disease Control.

● Smallest Bone: Stapes ● Smallest Muscle : Stapedius ● Smallest Ligament : Annular ligament of Stapes ● Smallest Tendon: Tendon of Stapedius ● Smallest Organ : Pineal Gland ● Smallest Cell: Sperm cell and Cerebellum's Granule cell ● Smallest Nerve: Trochlear Nerve ● Smallest Artery : Arteriole ● Smallest Vein: Capillary