English Grammar

Change the Voice 12 =========================== 1. Maize is sown in the rainy season. Ans. Farmers sow maize in the rainy season. 2. A party dress will be sewen for me by her. Ans. She will sew a party dress for me. 3. Seeds are being scattered over the ground by them. Ans. They are scatterting seeds over the ground. 4. Wheat was sown in his field by Ramesh. Ans. Ramesh sowed wheat in his field. 5. A doubt has been sown in his mind by her. Ans. She has sown a doubt in his mind. (to sow = to implant or introduce) 6. A canal was being dug by the workers. Ans. The workers were digging a canal. 7. A shovel removes sand. Ans. Sand is removed with a shovel. (do not use 'by' with the tools) 8. A spade removes earth. Ans. Earth is removed with a spade. (use 'with' instead of 'by' with the tools) 9. Miners dig coal out of a seam. Ans. Coal is dug out of a seam by miners. 10. Trenches are dug for protection. Ans. Soldiers dig trenches for protection. 11. The spider was killed by the boy. Ans. The boy killed the spider. 12. Let her be helped. Ans. Help her. 13. Is a letter being written by him? Ans. Is he writing a letter? 14. The task will have been finished by the end of this week. Ans. I will have finished the task by the end of this week. 15. He has been informed of his mother’s death. Ans. We have informed him of his mother’s death. 16. All the necessary precautions were taken by them. Ans. They took all the necessary precautions. 17. What is being dug here by them? Ans. What are they digging here? 18. By whom has this tunnel been dug? Ans. Who has dug this tunnel? 19. How did she dig out unexpected facts? Ans. How were unexpected facts dug out by her? (to dig out = to find or discover by effort or searching) 20. He dug his way through the crowd. Ans. His way was dug through the crowd by him. (to dig through = to make or force (one's way), esp by removing obstructions) 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal Verbs With Come And Cut SEPTEMBER 21, 2017 =============================== This grammar exercise tests your understanding of common phrasal verbs. 1. Pull hard and the two pieces will come ………………….. out apart in 2. I came ………………. an old friend of mine yesterday. over through across 3. I came ………………. with typhoid last month. in off down 4. The watchman came …………….. with all the evidences he could collect. forward out in 5. If you want to lose weight, you should cut ……………… cheese and burgers. down out down on 6. We had to cut many trees …………….. to build the house. out down off 7. Alka cut …………… while I was chatting with her friend. up in out 8. The air conditioner will cut ……………… when the room temperature reaches 26 degree Celsius. up in off 9. The doctors cut ……………….. his legs to save his life. up out off 10. The utility company cut ……………… our power supply because we hadn’t paid the bill. up off in 11. His parents cut him ………….. when he married against their wishes. out off up 12. I cut these pictures ………………. of a magazine. in out in ======================= 🟢Answers🟢 1. Pull hard and the two pieces will come apart. 2. I came across an old friend of mine yesterday. 3. I came down with typhoid last month. 4. The watchman came forward with all the evidences he could collect. 5. If you want to lose weight, you should cut back on cheese and burgers. 6. We had to cut many trees down to build the house. 7. Alka cut in while I was chatting with her friend. 8. The air conditioner will cut in when the room temperature reaches 26 degree Celsius. 9. The doctors cut off his legs to save his life. 10. The utility company cut off our power supply because we hadn’t paid the bill. 11. His parents cut him off when he married against their wishes. 12. I cut these pictures out of a magazine. 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Change the Voice 11 =========================== 1. My grandmother painted this portrait. Ans. This portrait was painted by my grandmother. 2. The wall was not painted by him. Ans. He did not paint the wall. 3. I am painting a picture. Ans. A picture is being painted by me. 4. We are going to paint our house next Diwali. Ans. Our house is going to be painted by us next Diwali. 5. The doctor painted the cut with the antiseptic. Ans. The cut was painted with the antiseptic by the doctor. (to paint = to apply medicine or liquid) 6. They should not have painted the wall in red colour. Ans. The wall should not have been painted in red colour by them. 7. I was shown her paintings by Naimita. Ans. Naimita showed me her paintings. 8. She coated the cake with chocolates. Ans. The cake was coated with chocolates by her. 9. The child smeared the wall with tomato sauce. Ans. The wall was smeared with tomato sauce by the child. (to smear = to spoil or to make dirty) 10. He will have his house painted. Ans. He will have painters paint his house. (causal construction with HAVE) 11. Having uncovered his painting, he received a loud applause. Ans. His painting having been uncovered, a loud applause was received by him. (perfect participle) 12. "Every time I paint a portrait, I lose a friend." said John Singer Sargent. Ans. "Every time a portrait is painted, a friend is lost by me." said John Singer Sargent. 13. It is time to repaint the kitchen. Ans. It is time for the kitchen to be repainted. 14. The picture was so big that I could not paint it alone. Ans. The picture was so big that it could not be painted by me alone. (adverb clause of result) 15. She stipples the designs beautifully. Ans. The designs are stippled beautifully by her. (to stipple = to apply paint in dots or short strokes) 16. The old car was airbrushed by him. Ans. He airbrushed the old car. 17. When did you paint the house last time? Ans. When was the house painted by you last time? 18. Repaint the old chair. Ans. Let the old chair be repainted. 19. Who has painted this portrait? Ans. By whom has this portrait been painted? 20. What did she paint? Ans. What was painted by her? 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal Verbs Exercise DECEMBER 11, 2017 =================================== Fill in the blanks with an appropriate phrasal verb. 1. They held a press conference last week to ……………………….. support for their proposal. drum up muck in mull over 2. The deal ………………………. at the last minute for reasons that were not clear. fell out fell through fell off 3. Shailesh .............................. the channels hoping to find something interesting. Please select 2 correct answers flipped through flicked through fell through 4. It is not uncommon for people to ………………………… alternative medicine when modern drugs don’t work. fall behind on fall back on fall for 5. The word .......................... that she was having an affair with her boss. got about got away got around 6. He is not a bright student and he doesn’t do well in his tests. He just manages to ........................ get off get in get by 7. The meat smells awful. It must have ............................. gone out gone off gone about 8. Legal battles are slow and expensive. In many cases, the appeals process ………………………….. for years. drags out drags off drags on 9. Alka was tired and ....................... while watching TV Please select 2 correct answers dozed off dozed down dropped off 10. Human rights activists have been asking the government to ............................. the death penalty. do in do away do away with do out 11. I think it was the lack of sleep more than the drinks that really ………………………….. did me away did me up did me in 12. His marriage ………………………….. when his wife discovered that he had been cheating on her. fell off fell down fell apart ======================= 🟢Answers🟢 1. They held a press conference last week to drum up support for their proposal. 2. The deal fell through at the last minute for reasons that were not clear. 3. Shailesh flicked through / flipped through the channels hoping to find something interesting. 4. It is not uncommon for people to fall back on alternative medicine when modern drugs don’t work. 5. The word got around that she was having an affair with her boss. 6. He is not a bright student and he doesn’t do well in his tests. He just manages to get by. 7. The meat smells awful. It must have gone off. 8. Legal battles are slow and expensive. In many cases, the appeals process drags on for years. 9. Alka was tired and dozed off / dozed down while watching TV. 10. Human rights activists have been asking the government to do away with the death penalty. 11. I think it was the lack of sleep more than the drinks that really did me in. 12. His marriage fell apart when his wife discovered that he had been cheating on her. 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal Verbs: BACK ====================== 🍁back away To withdraw from a position; retreat. ---------------------------------------- 🍁back down To withdraw from a position, opinion, or commitment. ---------------------------------------- 🍁back off To retreat or draw away. ---------------------------------------- 🍁back out 1. To withdraw from something before completion. 2. To fail to keep a commitment or promise. ---------------------------------------- 🍁back up 1. To cause to accumulate or undergo accumulation: The accident backed the traffic up for blocks. Traffic backed up in the tunnel. 2. Computers To make a backup of (a program or file). 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Thank you for looking after me when I was sick. look up to [x] admire or idolize someone I looked up to this YouTuber until I read about their scandal. mix up confuse something with something else It’s easy to mix up Chris Pine and Chris Pratt. pull [x] up retrieve or bring something nearer Eugene pulled the document up on his computer. / Eugene pulled up the document on his computer. put [x] on wear or add something to your person or an object I always put my backpack on before leaving the house. / I always put on my backpack before leaving the house. put up with tolerate or condone Somehow Paz could put up with Janice’s cynical attitude. run out of use all of or drain the supply of something Isabella ran out of toilet paper at the worst possible time. see to make sure something is done I’ll see to watering the plants while you’re gone. set [x] up arrange or organize Since no one invited me to join their study group, I set one up myself. show off deliberately display abilities or accomplishments in order to impress people Panya didn’t need to shoot so many three-pointers; she was just showing off. shut [x] off turn off, especially a machine Don’t forget to shut the water off after your shower. / Don’t forget to shut off the water after your shower. take after resemble, especially with parents and their children Li takes after his father when it comes to politics. take [x] out move something outside Please take the garbage out before dinner. / Please take out the garbage before dinner. think [x] over consider something When his parents suggested selling his Pokemon cards, Yosef thought it over. throw [x] away dispose of something Could you throw that old burrito away? / Could you throw away that old burrito? turn [x] down reject or say “no” My crush turned me down after I asked them out. top off fill something to the top; to complete something in a special or spectacular way May I top off your beverage? wait on serve, especially at a restaurant Billie eagerly waited on the new table of customers, hoping for a big tip. 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

My dog gets along with everyone as long as they’re not a cat. get at reach There’s an itch on my back that I can’t get at. attempt to prove or explain What these graphs are getting at is that we’ll be bankrupt by next week. get away escape or depart from Lucio liked to go to the lake every weekend, just to get away from the city. get away with escape punishment for a crime or misdeed The boss’s nephew gets away with much more than any of the other employees. get [x] back have something returned Rodger got his pencil back from Greta. / Rodger got back his pencil from Greta. get back at have revenge on someone Laila promised herself that she would get back at whomever started the rumor. get by survive or manage at the bare minimum When Sheila lost her job, the family had to get by with only their savings. get down enjoy oneself without inhibitions, especially with music or dancing Vicente may be overly formal at work, but he sure knows how to get down to hip-hop. get [x] down depress or discourage someone Kima always gets everyone down with her stories from the hospital. record or write something down The President spoke quickly at the press conference, and reporters were struggling to get all of his comments down. get down to begin or start Once everyone arrives, we’ll get down to picking teams. get in on join an activity After Bitcoin started going up, everyone wanted to get in on cryptocurrency. get into discuss something thoroughly I don’t want to get into our finances now; we’ll talk after our guests leave. get [x] out of receive a benefit from something Babysitting the Cohles was a nightmare, but at least Janelle got some money out of it. get over recover or overcome Drinking a lot of water helps in getting over an illness. get through complete or endure an unpleasant task Alessandra can’t get through a morning without coffee. get to annoy or bother someone People who don’t clean up after their dogs really get to me. get together have a social event The volleyball team is getting together for dinner after practice. give [x] away donate something or give something for free Mindy gave her prized doll collection away. / Mindy gave away her prized doll collection. give up accept defeat, quit, or surrender Carin felt like giving up every time she saw the scoreboard. give [x] up stop consuming or doing something, often a habit Minh gave chocolate up for his diet. / Minh gave up chocolate for his diet. go against contradict, oppose, or fight against A group of students went against the school dress code yesterday and wore ripped jeans. go ahead proceed or move forward Because of the snow, we can’t go ahead with the festival. go along with agree with or pretend to agree with Even though Cedric hated weight lifting, he went along with it because his coach suggested it. go for try or attempt to achieve something Carlos trains so hard because he is going for an Olympic gold medal. go on continue doing something (see keep [x] up) The boys will go on digging until they hit a water pipe. go over review or look at again Marie went over the study guide one last time before the test. hand in submit (especially an assignment) The teacher wants us to hand in our essays through email. hold [x] back prevent someone from doing something I wanted to become an architect, but my bad grades held me back. keep [x] up continue doing something (see go on) Keep this pace up and you’ll set a new record! leave [x] out omit or disregard Orna left the graph out of the presentation. / Orna left out the graph from the presentation. let [x] down disappoint Kamal let Marco down when he arrived late. / Kamal let down Marco when he arrived late. let go of release or free Don’t let go of the rope until I’m safe. let [x] in allow to enter Close the door or you’ll let the flies in! let [x] know tell someone something Let me know as soon as Leslie texts back. look after take care of someone or something

Common phrasal verbs (with meanings and examples) =================================== back [x] up support or defend someone When the class was making fun of me, only the teacher backed me up. break down stop working, especially when referring to machines The ice cream machine at McDonalds is always breaking down. call around contact multiple people Roy called around to find a nearby mechanic. calm down relax after an energetic or irritated state I need a few minutes to calm down after that match. call [x] off cancel We called the party off. / We called off the party. check [x] out verify a person or thing (can sometimes be flirtatious when used in reference to a person) I’ll check the contract out. / I’ll check out the contract. clean up be extremely successful in an endeavor, such as business, sports, or gambling Our hockey team cleaned up at the tournament and went home undefeated. stop questionable behavior, such as consuming drugs or alcohol Her boss said she had to either clean up or find a new job. clean [x] up clean a general area John cleaned the living room up. / John cleaned up the living room. cheer [x] up make someone happy, especially if they were previously sad Reading always cheers me up on a rainy day. come around change an opinion or see a new point of view I never liked seafood, but came around after trying fried calamari. come between disturb a relationship After more than fifty years of marriage, nothing could come between them. come down on attack or punish harshly Ever since last month’s accident, police have been coming down on drunk driving. come down with become sick After sitting in the rain for hours, Chandra came down with a nasty cold. come out of happen as a consequence of another event We missed a day of school, so at least some good came out of our boring class trip. come up become the topic of discussion or receive attention Everyone talked about how much they enjoyed the movie, but the run time never came up in the conversation. approach or come near While walking outside the fence, a cow came up right next to me and licked my face. happen or occur, as with an event or situation Don’t worry about a problem until after it comes up. come up with think of an idea, especially as the first person to do so, or to produce a solution Sahar comes up with her best story ideas at night, so she writes them down before she forgets them. count on rely or depend on If I’m ever making a mistake, I can count on my friends to warn me. dive into occupy oneself with something; to pore over quickly or reach into quickly I’ll dive into that new TV show later tonight. dress up wear nice clothes or put forth in the best light Abed dressed up for the award ceremony. end up eventually reach some conclusion or destination After thinking for a day, he ended up taking the job. fall apart break into pieces My new dress completely fell apart after just two washes. suffer from mental or emotional distress He endured all kinds of harassment at work without flinching, but completely fell apart when his cat got sick. fill [x] up fill something completely Bruce filled his wine glass up to the brim. / Bruce filled up his wine glass to the brim. find out discover or learn We’ll have to wait until the next TV episode to find out who the killer is. get [x] across communicate or explain something clearly The professor spoke for hours, but didn’t get anything across to the students. get ahead succeed or progress You’ll never get ahead at this company unless you follow the rules. get around travel from place to place It’s impossible to get around this city without a car. get around to [x] do something eventually I’ll get around to fixing the table after the playoffs. get away with escape punishment or some other unpleasantness Shirley thought she got away with cheating until the teacher asked her to stay after class. get along with be friendly with

Word order with phrasal verbs Most of the time, the words in a phrasal verb stay together. For intransitive and inseparable phrasal verbs, the verb and the participle must go next to each other and should never be split up. Separable phrasal verbs follow different rules, however. For starters, separable phrasal verbs are always transitive, so they always have a direct object. You can put the direct object in the middle of separable phrasal verbs, in between the verb and the participle: Augustus would never let Hazel down. This is also true for noun phrases; place all words in a noun phrase in between the verb and the participle of a phrasal verb: You would never let any of your friends down. Some separable verbs require you to put the direct object in the middle every time. For example, let’s look at the phrasal verb get down. [INCORRECT] The beginning of the movie Up gets down everyone. [CORRECT] The beginning of the movie Up gets everyone down. On the other hand, sometimes it doesn’t matter whether the direct object comes in the middle or at the end of a phrasal verb. Both options are acceptable. Unfortunately, there’s no method for knowing whether or not you have to separate a phrasal verb; you just have to study and practice until it comes naturally. [CORRECT] Pick the box up and carry it to the kitchen. [CORRECT] Pick up the box and carry it to the kitchen. However, pronouns follow a special rule when it comes to separable phrasal verbs: If the object is a pronoun, it must be placed in the middle of a phrasal verb. Pronoun direct objects cannot go at the end. [INCORRECT] Pick up it and carry it to the kitchen. [CORRECT] Pick it up and carry it to the kitchen. Remember that not all transitive phrasal verbs are separable. Transitive phrasal verbs can be either separable or inseparable, so be careful of where you put your object. For example, the transitive phrasal verbs get through, come between, and go against are all inseparable, so the direct object comes after them every time. [INCORRECT] Nothing comes us between. [CORRECT] Nothing comes between us. 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal Verbs ======================= Phrasal verbs are two or more words that together act as a completely new word, with a meaning separate from the original words. For example, pick up means to “grab” or “lift,” very different from the definitions of pick and up alone. Popular in spoken English, phrasal verbs can be quite confusing because their definitions aren’t always easy to guess—and there are thousands of them. In fact, many phrasal verbs are distinct variations on the same base verb, which can add to the confusion. For multilingual speakers, in particular, phrasal verbs are one of the most difficult topics in learning English. To help simplify this complicated issue, what follows is our guide to understanding English phrasal verbs, including a list of the most common ones. What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb combines a normal verb with an adverb or a preposition to create an entirely new verbal phrase—the phrasal verb. The meaning of a phrasal verb is usually unrelated to the meanings of the words that comprise it, so think of a phrasal verb as an entirely new and independent word. When used in a sentence, phrasal verbs act the same as other verbs for conjugation and placement, although they do have special rules about word order, which we talk about below. Phrasal verbs can be conjugated into every type of verb form, so you can use them anywhere you could use a normal verb. Let’s look at the phrasal verb get over as an example. The verb get alone means to “acquire,” and the preposition over alone usually refers to being higher or going above something. However, put them together and the phrasal verb get over means to “recover” or “overcome,” a completely new definition that’s separate from the definitions of get and over. You can use get over just like a normal verb, in any form or tense. Here are some quick examples: Simple past tense: I had the flu last week but got over it. Infinitive: He wrote a song to get over his grandmother’s death. Gerund: Getting over prejudice at work is never easy. Participle: Having finally gotten over the breakup, they were ready to return their partner’s things. How to conjugate phrasal verbs When a phrasal verb is used as the main verb of a sentence, you conjugate the verb part and leave the other words as they are. Simply use whatever form of the verb you would use if it were alone. I get up at noon during the summer. However, this morning I got up at sunrise. I have gotten up early too many times this month. Notice how only the word get changes, but the word up remains the same. Also notice how get, an irregular verb, uses its irregular forms to fit whichever tense it needs. In this way, you can use phrasal verbs in all the verb tenses, so you’re able to communicate anything you want. Conjugation is also important for maintaining verb tense consistency if you’re using phrasal verbs in a list with other verbs. Types of phrasal verbs To better understand phrasal verbs, it helps to organize them into two pairs: transitive and intransitive; separable and inseparable. A phrasal verb can belong to only one of each pair (although all separable phrasal verbs are transitive). Transitive phrasal verbs Transitive phrasal verbs use a direct object, just like normal transitive verbs. Charlie couldn’t put up with the meowing cats any longer. Intransitive phrasal verbs Likewise, intransitive phrasal verbs do not use an object. The regional director was late, so the sales team went ahead without her. Separable phrasal verbs With transitive phrasal verbs, you can sometimes put the direct object in between the words, for example, “pick you up.” There are, however, a few rules to follow with separable phrasal verbs, so pay attention to our next section about word order. He forgot to shut the lights off before he left. Inseparable phrasal verbs Inseparable phrasal verbs cannot be split up and must be used together. The wayward son carried on without his father.

Phrasal Verbs: TALK ====================== 🌾talk around 1. To persuade: I talked them around to my point of view. 2. To speak indirectly about: talked around the subject but never got to the point. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk away To spend (a period of time) by talking: We talked the night away. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk at To address (someone) orally with no regard for or interest in a reaction or response. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk back To make an impertinent or insolent reply. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk down 1. To think or speak of as having little worth; depreciate: talked down the importance of the move. 2. To speak with insulting condescension: talked down to her subordinates. 3. To silence (a person), especially by speaking in a loud and domineering manner. 4. To direct and control (the flight of an aircraft during an approach for landing) by radioed instructions either from the ground or a nearby aircraft. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk out 1. To discuss (a matter) exhaustively: I talked out the problem with a therapist. 2. To resolve or settle by discussion. 3. Chiefly British To block (proposed legislation) by filibustering. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk over 1. To consider thoroughly in conversation; discuss: talked the matter over. 2. To win (someone) over by persuasion: talked them over to our side. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk through To help (someone) do something by giving instructions as the task is being done. ----------------------------------------- 🌾talk up 1. To speak in favor of; promote: talked the candidate up; talked up the new product. 2. To speak loudly in a frank, often insolent manner. 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸 SV RAMANUJ