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Causes of hemolytic anemia #hematology #medicine

Etiological classification of anemia #hematology #medicine

Wells criteria for Pulmonary embolism diagnosis #medicine

Anemia evaluation algorithm CBC: complete blood count; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; ACD/AI: anemia of chronic disease/anemia of inflammation; TSAT: transferrin saturation; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; RBC: red blood cell. * Iron studies include serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT). ¶ Ferritin <30 ng/mL or TSAT <19% are generally used as evidence of iron deficiency. Ferritin is an acute phase reactant and may be higher in individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions. #Hematology

💢Renal injury 💢 🔆 introduction: -Renal injuries are the most common injuries of the urinary system and it is well protected by heavy lumbar muscles, vertebral bodies, ribs, and the viscera anteriorly. -Blunt trauma directly to the abdomen, flank, or back is the most common mechanism, accounting for 80–85% of all renal injuries. -Trauma may result from motor vehicle accidents, fights, falls, and contact sports. -Vehicle collisions at high speed may result in major renal trauma from rapid deceleration and cause major vascular injury. -Gunshot and knife wounds cause most penetrating injuries to the kidney; any such wound in the flank area should be regarded as a cause of renal injury until proved otherwise. -Associated abdominal visceral injuries are present in 80% of renal penetrating wounds. 🔆 clinical manifestations: - Hx of trauma. - flank pain. - hematuria. - bruises and signs of trauma. - palpable mass from expanding hematoma. 🔆Grading: Grade 1 ➡️ renal contusion with subcapsular non expanding hematoma. Grade 2 ➡️ parenchymal laceration less than 1 cm Grade 3 ➡️ laceration more than 1 cm through cortex and medulla but spares the collecting system Grade 4 ➡️ laceration reaches the collecting system , renal vessels injury with contained hemorrhage Grade 5 ➡️ complete renal shutter, avulsion of renal hilum 🔆 investigation: - U/S - IVP - CT 🔆 management: ✅Conservative: • Over 95% of blunt injuries • 50% of renal stab injuries and 25% of renal gunshot wounds (specialized center). • Include: – Wide Bore IV line. – IV antibiotics. – Bed rest – serial CBC (Htc) – F/up US &/or CT. – 2-3 wks. ✅ Surgical exploration: – Persistent bleeding (persistent tachycardia and/or hypotension failing to respond to appropriate fluid and blood replacement – Expanding perirenal haematoma (again the patient will show signs of continued bleeding) – Pulsatile perirenal haematoma.

Algorithm approach to peripheral cyanosis

السلام عليكم.... اعلاااااان 🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑 تم فتح دورات تقوية في مادة الكيمياء للمجموعة الطبية ( الطب العام ، طب الاسنان ، الصيدلة ) وذلك من خلال كروب خاص بالمجموعة الطبية.. على من يرغب بالانضمام مراسلة الحساب @sesely

51-year-old man comes to the physician with difficulty swallowing solilds but not l i qu i ds. His medical history is significant for gastroesophageal reflex disease for the last 12 years. He underwent endoscopy and was diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus 6 months ago. His heartburn resolved 3 months after this diagnosis . The patient's vital signs are within normal limits. His body mass index is 38 kg/m 2 • Banum swallow now shows an area of symmetric, circumferential area in distal esophagus. Which one is correct ?

51-year-old man comes to the physician with difficulty swallowing solilds but not l i qu i ds. His medical history is significant for gastroesophageal reflex disease for the last 12 years. He underwent endoscopy and was diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus 6 anonymous poll Esophageal stricture – 67 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍 88% Achalasia – 8 👍 11% Vascular ring – 1 ▫️ 1% Hiatal hernia ▫️ 0% 👥 76 people voted so far.

Public public poll Esophageal adenocarcinoma – 2 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍 67% @rawanhaider98, @Alhares89 Achalasia – 1 👍👍👍👍 33% @dromar92 Hiatal hernia ▫️ 0% Vascular ring ▫️ 0% 👥 3 people voted so far.

51-year-old man comes to the physician with difficulty swallowing solilds but not l i qu i ds. His medical history is significant for gastroesophageal reflex disease for the last 12 years. He underwent endoscopy and was diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus 6 months ago. His heartburn resolved 3 months after this diagnosis . The patient's vital signs are within normal limits. His body mass index is 38 kg/m 2 • Banum swallow now shows an area of symmetric, circumferential area in distal esophagus. Which one is correct ?