مساحة

26)What is the primary function of the complement system in the immune response? احمد عواد

25)What does TLR-4 specifically recognize? احمد عواد

24)What type of receptors are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)? احمد عواد

23)Which receptors are considered the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems? احمد عواد

22)What is the role of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) in the immune response? احمد عواد

21)What are pro-inflammatory cytokines capable of inducing in macrophages and fibroblasts? احمد عواد

20)Which bacterial species is known to penetrate human epithelial cells during periodontal disease? احمد عواد

19)What triggers the production of prostaglandins in inflamed tissues? احمد عواد

18)what is significance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover in periodontal health? احمد عواد

17)Which cytokine is primarily involved in bone resorption? احمد عواد

16)What is the primary action of cytokines in the immune response احمد عواد

15)How do matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to periodontal disease احمد عواد

14)What is the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on fibroblasts? احمد عواد

13)What role do lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) play in periodontal disease? احمد عواد

12)Which type of proteinases are produced by P. gingivalis? احمد عواد

11)What is the primary function of fimbriae in P. gingivalis احمد عواد

10)What is the significance of the intracellular environment for bacterial survival in periodontal disease? احمد عواد

9)What is the effect of TNF-α on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)? احمد عواد

8)What mechanism does P. gingivalis utilize for host-cellular entry احمد عواد

7)What is the role of gingipains in the context of periodontal disease احمد عواد