UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Network:📈 Analytical overview of Telegram channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY
Channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 64 624 subscribers, ranking 2 542 in the Education category and 5 079 in the India region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 64 624 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 03 September, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -953 over the last 30 days and by -26 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 5.90%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 3.97% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 3 814 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 2 566 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 0.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, hindu, sanctuary, upsc, polity.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 04 September, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
64 624
Subscribers
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Posts Archive
64 619
■ SURFACE WAVES ( L-WAVES)
#interiorofearth
◇ The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves (long or L-waves). These waves move only along the surface.
◇ Surface Waves are also called long period waves because of their long wavelength.
◇ They are low-frequency transverse waves (shear waves).
◇ They develop in the immediate neighbourhood of the epicentre and affect only the surface of the earth and die out at smaller depth.
◇ They lose energy more slowly with distance than the body waves because they travel only across the surface unlike the body waves which travel in all directions.
◇ Particle motion of surface waves (amplitude) is larger than that of body waves, so surface waves are the most destructive among the earthquake waves.
◇ They are slowest among the earthquake waves and are recorded last on the seismograph.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
64 619
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64 619
■ SECONDARY WAVES (S-WAVES)
#Interiorofearth
◇ They are recorded second on the seismograph or S-waves are also called as transverse waves or shear waves or distortional waves.
◇ They are analogous to water ripples or light waves.
◇ Transverse waves or shear waves mean that the direction of vibrations of the particles in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. Hence, they create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass (they distort the medium).
◇ S-waves arrive at the surface after the P-waves.
◇ These waves are of high frequency and possess slightly higher destructive power compared to P-waves.
◇ The trembling on the earth’s surface caused due to these waves is from side to side (horizontal).
◇ S-waves cannot pass through fluids (liquids and gases) as fluids do not support shear stresses.
◇ They travel at varying velocities (proportional to shear strength) through the solid part of the Earth.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
64 619
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64 619
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64 619
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64 619
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64 619
WHY DO P-WAVES TRAVEL FASTER THAN S-WAVES ?
#interiorofearth
◇ P-waves are about 1.7 times faster than the S-waves.
◇ P-waves are compression waves that apply a force in the direction of propagation and hence transmit their energy quite easily through the medium and thus travel quickly.
◇ On the other hand, S-waves are transverse waves or shear waves (motion of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave) and are hence less easily transmitted through the medium.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
64 619
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64 619
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64 619
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64 619
■ BODY WAVES
#interiorofearth
Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the interior of the earth. Hence, the name body waves.
There are two types of body waves:-
◇ Primary - waves.
◇ Secondary - waves.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes.
64 619
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64 619
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64 619
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