UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 66 489 subscribers, ranking 2 465 in the Education category and 4 961 in the India region.
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Since its creation on Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎ, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 66 489 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 10 July, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -1 087 over the last 30 days and by -27 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
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- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 5.29%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 3.58% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 3 520 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 2 380 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 0.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, hindu, sanctuary, upsc, polity.
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The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
βThis channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybotβ
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 11 July, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
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66 469
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β TROPICAL DRY DECIDOUS FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITION
β Annual rainfall is 100-150 cm.
β‘ CHARACTERSTICS
β These are similar to moist deciduous forests and shed their leaves in dry season.
β The major difference is that they can grow in areas of comparatively less rainfall.
β They represent a transitional type β moist deciduous on the wetter side and thorn forests on the drier side.
β They have closed but uneven canopy.
β The forests are composed of a mixture of a few species of deciduous trees rising up to a height of 20 me tres.
β Undergrowth: Enough light reaches the ground to permit the growth of grass and climbers.
β‘ DISTRIBUTION.
β They occur in an irregular wide strip running from the foot of the Himalayas to Kanyakumari except in Rajasthan, Western Ghats and West Bengal.
β The important species are teak, axlewood, rosewood, common bamboo, red sanders, laurel, etc.
β Large tracts of this forest have been cleared for agricultural purposes.
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. Khullar.
66 469
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66 469
β TROPICAL DRY EVERGREEN FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ DISTRIBUTION
β Along the coasts of Tamil Nadu.
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
β The annual rainfall of 100 cm (mostly from the north-east monsoons).
β Mean annual temperature is about 28 Β°C.
β The growth of evergreen forests in areas of such low rainfall is a bit strange.
β‘ CHARACTERSTICS
β Short-statured trees, up to 12 m high, with complete canopy.
β Bamboos and grasses not conspicuous.
β The important species are jamun, tamarind, neem, etc.
β Most of the land under these forests have been cleared for agriculture or casuarina plantations.
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR, CHAPTER 7.
66 469
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66 469
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66 469
Repost from UPSC GEOGRAPHY
β LITTORAL AND SWAMP FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ FEATURES :-
β They can survive and grow both in fresh as well as brackish water.
β Occur in and around the deltas, estuaries and creeks prone to tidal influences.
β Littoral (relating to or on the shore of the sea or a lake) forests occur at several places along the coast.
β Swamp forests are confined to the deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Godavari (Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary), the Krishna and the Cauvery.
β Dense mangroves occur all along the coastline in sheltered estuaries, tidal creeks, backwaters, salt marshes and mudflats. It provides useful fuelwood.
β The most pronounced and the densest is the Sundarbans in the Ganga delta where the predominant species is Sundri (Heriteera).
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR, CHAPTER 7.
66 469
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66 469
β LITTORAL AND SWAMP FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ FEATURES :-
β They can survive and grow both in fresh as well as brackish water.
β Occur in and around the deltas, estuaries and creeks prone to tidal influences.
β Littoral (relating to or on the shore of the sea or a lake) forests occur at several places along the coast.
β Swamp forests are confined to the deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Godavari (Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary), the Krishna and the Cauvery.
β Dense mangroves occur all along the coastline in sheltered estuaries, tidal creeks, backwaters, salt marshes and mudflats. It provides useful fuelwood.
β The most pronounced and the densest is the Sundarbans in the Ganga delta where the predominant species is Sundri (Heriteera).
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR, CHAPTER 7.
66 469
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Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
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66 469
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66 469
β TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
β Annual rainfall 100 to 200 cm.
β Mean annual temperature of 27 Β°C.
β Spring and summer are dry.
β‘ CHARACTERSTICS
β The trees drop their leaves during the spring and early summer when sufficient moisture not available.
β General appearance is bare in extreme summers (April-May).
β Tropical moist deciduous forests present irregular top storey (25 to 60 m).
β Heavily buttressed trees and fairly complete undergrowth.
β These forests occupy a much larger area, but large tracts under these forests have been cleared for cultivation.
β‘ DISTRIBUTION
β The belt running along the Western Ghats surrounding the belt of evergreen forests.
β A strip along the Shiwalik range including terai and bhabar from 77Β° E to 88Β° E.
β Manipur and Mizoram.
β Hills of eastern Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
β Chota Nagpur Plateau.
β Most of Odisha.
β Parts of West Bengal and
β Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR, CHAPTER - 7
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