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UPSC Mains Toppers Notes We are Providing only Free Materials. Contact for Promotion @Raja_UPSC
Show more📈 Analytical overview of Telegram channel UPSC Mains Topper Notes
Channel UPSC Mains Topper Notes (@upsc_mains_toppers_notes) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 44 062 subscribers, ranking 4 124 in the Education category and 9 011 in the India region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 44 062 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 14 June, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -1 081 over the last 30 days and by -32 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 0.27%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 0.07% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 120 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 32 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 1.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as subject, sir, topper, सिर्फ, सिलेक्शन.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“UPSC Mains Toppers Notes
We are Providing only Free Materials.
Contact for Promotion @Raja_UPSC”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 15 June, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from Sunya IAS Short Notes
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
✔️✔️ Evolution of Early Societies: Paleolithic to Chalcolithic
📍 Paleolithic Age (c. 2 Million BCE – 10,000 BCE)
✅ Society was nomadic and dependent on hunting & gathering.
✅ Lived in small egalitarian groups; no private property or social hierarchy.
✅ Tools made of quartzite; crude and unpolished.
✅ Lower Paleolithic – Hand axes & choppers.
✅ Middle Paleolithic – Flake tools.
✅ Upper Paleolithic – Bone tools and sharper blades.
✅ Sites found mainly in rock shelters and river valleys.
📍 Mesolithic Age (c. 10,000 BCE – 6,000 BCE)
✅ Climate became warmer after the Ice Age.
✅ Development of microliths (small stone tools).
✅ Beginning of animal domestication.
✅ Evidence from Bagor (Rajasthan) and Adamgarh (MP).
📍 Neolithic Age (c. 6,000 BCE – 1,000 BCE)
✅ Marked the Agricultural Revolution.
✅ Shift from nomadic to settled life.
✅ Agriculture (wheat, barley) and animal husbandry expanded.
✅ Mehrgarh – Earliest evidence of agriculture and cotton.
✅ Burzahom – Famous for pit dwellings and dog burials.
✅ Polished stone tools and pottery emerged.
✅ Rise of village settlements and early leadership.
📍 Chalcolithic Age (c. 3,000 BCE – 500 BCE)
✅ Transition from stone tools to copper-stone tools.
✅ Predominantly rural farming communities.
✅ Major cultures:
✅ Ahar-Banas (Rajasthan)
✅ Malwa (Madhya Pradesh)
✅ Jorwe (Maharashtra)
✅ Known for Black-and-Red Ware Pottery.
✅ Evidence of social stratification from burials.
✅ Sites like Inamgaon and Daimabad show emerging class divisions.
✅ Laid the foundation for the rise of the Harappan Civilization.
📍 Quick Revision
✅ Paleolithic → Hunting & Gathering
✅ Mesolithic → Microliths & Animal Domestication
✅ Neolithic → Agriculture & Settled Life
✅ Chalcolithic → Copper + Stone Tools & Regional Cultures
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
✔️✔️ Communalism, Secularism & Regionalism – Key Data & Facts
📍 Religious Demographics (Census 2011)
✅ Composition:
▪ Hindus – 79.8%
▪ Muslims – 14.2%
▪ Christians – 2.3%
▪ Sikhs – 1.7%
▪ Buddhists – 0.7%
▪ Jains – 0.4%
✅ Linguistic Diversity:
▪ 22 Scheduled Languages + thousands of dialects
▪ Overlaps with religious & regional identities
📍 Communal & Ethnic Conflict
✅ Communal Riots (2024):
▪ 59 riots, an 84% increase from 32 (2023)
▪ Religious festivals & processions major triggers (CSSS Report, Jan 2025)
✅ Fatalities (2024):
▪ 13 deaths → 10 Muslims, 3 Hindus
✅ Ethnic Conflict – Manipur (2023–Present):
▪ Meitei vs Kuki-Zo conflict
▪ 250+ deaths
▪ 60,000+ displaced
✅ Crimes under SC/ST Act (2022):
▪ 67,000+ cases registered (NCRB 2022)
▪ Indicates persistence of caste-based violence
📍 Regional Disparity
✅ North–South Economic Divide:
▪ Southern states contribute higher taxes
▪ Receive comparatively lower fiscal transfers
▪ Creates friction in fiscal federalism
✅ GSDP Performance (2023–24):
▪ Goa, Sikkim, Haryana – Per capita income 1.7× national average
▪ Bihar, Uttar Pradesh – Significantly below average (EAC-PM Report)
📍 Inter-Community Social Relations
✅ Inter-religious Marriages:
▪ Very low – ~2.1%
▪ Anti-conversion law debates reflect resistance
✅ Inter-caste Marriages:
▪ Higher than inter-religious
▪ 5.8% (NFHS-5, 2021)
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
⛰️ Hill Ranges of India
• ✅ Aravalli Hills – Found in Alwar and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan.
• ✅ Vindhya Hills – Spread across Rewa and Satna in Madhya Pradesh.
• ✅ Satpura Hills – Seen in Betul and Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh).
• ✅ Eastern Ghats – Prominent in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) and Koraput (Odisha).
• ✅ Western Ghats – Stretch through Wayanad and Idukki (Kerala).
• ✅ Nilgiri Hills – Located mainly in The Nilgiris district (Tamil Nadu).
• ✅ Anamalai Hills – Spread across Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) and Palakkad (Kerala).
• ✅ Cardamom Hills – Found in Idukki (Kerala) and Theni (Tamil Nadu).
• ✅ Shevaroy Hills – Located in Salem district (Tamil Nadu).
• ✅ Palani Hills – Found in Dindigul district (Tamil Nadu).
• ✅ Biligiriranga Hills (BR Hills) – Located in Chamarajanagar (Karnataka).
• ✅ Mahadeo Hills – Present in Chhindwara and Seoni (Madhya Pradesh).
• ✅ Rajmahal Hills – Located in Sahibganj district (Jharkhand).
• ✅ Parasnath Hills – Found in Giridih district (Jharkhand).
• ✅ Ajanta Hills – Located in Aurangabad district (Maharashtra).
• ✅ Ellora Hills – Also in Aurangabad district (Maharashtra).
• ✅ Shiwalik Hills – Spread across Dehradun (Uttarakhand) and Solan (Himachal Pradesh).
• ✅ Dhauladhar Range – Found in Kangra district (Himachal Pradesh).
• ✅ Pir Panjal Range – Seen in Poonch and Baramulla (Jammu & Kashmir).
• ✅ Zabarwan Range – Located near Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir).
• ✅ Kaimur Hills – Spread across Rohtas (Bihar) and Sonbhadra (Uttar Pradesh).
• ✅ Nallamala Hills – Found in Kurnool and Nandyal (Andhra Pradesh).
• ✅ Mikir Hills – Located in Karbi Anglong district (Assam).
• ✅ Jampui Hills – Present in North Tripura district (Tripura).
• ✅ Lushai Hills – Found in Aizawl district (Mizoram).
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from Sunya IAS Short Notes
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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