IPA (1,2,3) st
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⭕️ ركزوا على الاسئلة الموجودة بنهاية كل محاضرة لان راح يجي من عدهن
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الجدول الصفحه 11 يلخص اول 10 صفحات من المحاضرة 7+ المعادله صفحه 10 مات تحلل Amygdaline اقروه
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مساء الخير طلاب
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دكتوره مصريه تشرح ماده البايو النضري
اي موضوع تريدونه من المحاضرة الأولى الى المحاضرة التاسعه.
شرح كلشششش مفهوم واني جاي اقرأ عليه هواي استفاديت منه وراح تستفادون منه بشكل مو طبيعي وتسهل عليكم الماده ..
اتمنالكم كل التوفيق ❤️💚.
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Hydrolyzed of carbohydrate:-
Procedure:-
1_Place 3ml of sucrose in two label of test tube
2_ Place 3ml of fraction B in two label of test tube
3_ Add 3 drop of Water and diluted H2SO4 in test tube 1 and 3 and add 3 drop of water and diluted NaOH .
4_Put the 4 test tube in water bath for 5 minute and then remove from water bath and leave cool at room temperature
5_Add diluted NaOH to test 1 and 3 until red litmus paper turn blue (use diluted NaOH to netrual acidic media)
6_Take 1ml of each test (1,2,3,4) and with benedict test.
Barfoed's test:-
is used for detecting the presence monosaccharides or disaccharides in the given sample
Principle:-
The reduction of cupric acetate by reducing monosaccharides ar disaccharides is the base of Barfoed's test reaction,
Cupric acetate reduced to cuprous oxide, which results in a brick-red color precipitat.
Not _Monosaccharides often react in 1-5 minutes, resulting in a crimso precipitate.
Not _The reducing disaccharides take much longer to produce a red precipitate, taking from 7 to 12 minute Because disaccharides must first be hydrolyzed before reacting with th reagent like cupric acetate to form a cuprous oxide, so the reaction cupric acetate with disaccharides is slower.
Benedict test:-
is used to identify reducing sugar that have free ketone or aldehyde functional groups
Principle:-
The copper sulfate (CuSO4) present in Benedict's solution reacts with electrons from the aldehyde or ketone group of the reducing sugar in an alkaline medium.
Depending on the sugar content, the reducing sugar produces a green to brick-red precipitate (A greenish precipitate indicates about 0.5% concentration; yellow precipitate indicates 1% concentration; orange precipitate indicates 1.5% concentration and red precipitate indicates 2% or higher concentration.)
Why the colour change?
_ The color shift is caused by the reduction of copper (II) to copper (1) in the solution, that results in the formation of a red-colored precipitate.
Not _The resulting precipitate is insoluble in water.
Not _The alkalinity in the redox reaction solution is provided or maintained by sodium carbonate.
