Pediatric MCQ and Nots

1.Multiple sclerosis 2. CSF for oligoclonal bands MRI spine Visual evoked potentials (VEP) somatosensory evoked response (SSER) 3. Corticosteroids Interferon-β.

Bluish sclera is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, Blue sclera syndrome (Van der Heave syndrome), incontinentia pigmenti, and many other inherited conditions. - The sclera is involved bilaterally in all these conditions and the unilateral appearance is a rarity. - Unilateral bluish sclera is reported earlier with nevus depigmentosus, familial, and idiopathic in origin. - The bluish hue of the sclera is due to the thinning of the collagen fibers and increased transparency which exposes the underlying uvea. - The bluish sclera, therefore, is seen in many conditions with the defective type 1 collagen formation. #Osteogenesis imperfecta is the classical condition associated with the bluish sclera... - It is essential to screen for musculoskeletal and connective tissue abnormalities in patients with blue sclera.

Endocrine dysfunction in patients with iron over load is likely to spare which of the following organ functions: A. Pituitary function B. Islets cell function C. Thyroid function D. ACTH productions E. Parathyroid activity early studies showed a frequent involvement of the endocrine glands where diabetes and hypogonadism are the most common encountered endocrinopathies. The pathogenesis of diabetes is still relatively unclear, but the main mechanisms include the loss of insulin secretory capacity and insulin resistance secondary to liver damage. The presence of obesity and/or genetic predisposition may represent addictive risk factor for the development of this metabolic disease. Although old cases of primary gonad involvement are described, hypogonadism is mainly secondary to selective deposition of iron on the gonadotropin-producing cells of the pituitary gland, leading to hormonal impaired secretion. Cases of hypopituitarism or selected tropin defects, and abnormalities of adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid glands, even if rare, are reported

bleeding disorder

The hair on end sign refers to a radiographic appearance of the diploic space of the skull vault which results from a thickening of trabeculae as the diploic space expands. These trabeculae are perpendicular in orientation, interspersed by radiolucent marrow hyperplasia along with skull vault. It is classically described with plain skull radiographs although can also be appreciated on CT or MRI 3. Causes include: - thalassemia major - sickle cell disease - hereditary spherocytosis - iron deficiency anemia

APGAR SCORE: Apgar is a quick test performed on a baby at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The 5-minute score tells the health care provider how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb

Infectious mononucleosis

Lateral Chest X-Ray review areas:

Croup

Summary of Bronchial Asthma Management in Emergency Room