𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂

Almost every language learner struggles with prepositions. This is perfectly normal because when we are learning a new language, we want to transfer the rules and phrases from our first language to our new language. This works sometimes – but not always! Should you say “I listen to music”, or “I listen music”? Is the correct sentence “He went to home”, or “He went home”? These are just two of the common confusions that I discuss in this essential English grammar lesson. What about “married to” vs. “married with”? “For” or “during”? “Depend of” or “depend on”? Watch this video to find out if you make any of these ten frequent English preposition mistakes. To review this lesson in greater detail, read the article that I wrote about it:

Take the quiz here:

In this video: 00:00 10 Common Preposition Mistakes 01:50 listen to 02:39 depend on 03:20 it depends 03:50 to + verb 04:56 married to 05:34 for + durations of time 06:47 possessive apostrophes vs. "of" possessives 08:20 good at 09:44 go home 10:35 enter + a place 11:17 been to

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Powerful branding can not only change how you feel about a company, it can actually change how your brain is wired. "We love to think of ourselves as rational. That's not how it works," says UPenn professor Americus Reed II about our habits (both conscious and subconscious) of paying more for items based primarily on the brand name. Effective marketing causes the consumer to link brands like Apple and Nike with their own identity, and that strong attachment goes deeper than receipts. Using MRI, professor and neuroscientist Michael Platt and his team were able to see this at play. When reacting to good or bad news about the brand, Samsung users didn't have positive or negative brain responses, yet they did have "reverse empathy" for bad news about Apple. Meanwhile, Apple users showed a "brain empathy response for Apple that was exactly what you'd see in the way you would respond to somebody in your family." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRANSCRIPT: NARRATOR: Coke is just soda. Tylenol is just acetaminophen. And Levi's are just jeans. Yet consumers go out of their way to select these specific brands over others. AMERICUS REED II: An economist would say,"How is this possible, that a rational consumer would be willing to pay more for exactly the same thing?" We love to think about ourselves as rational. That's not how it works. A very famous study done by colleagues at Duke University flashed either the Apple logo or the IBM logo to two randomized groups of participants. NARRATOR: The study found that after being subliminally exposed to the Apple logo, compared to when you'd been exposed to the IBM logo, participants performed better on creative tasks. AMERICUS REED II: And the argument is that Apple has been telling you this story over and over again, that Apple is the brand for hip, cool, fun, creative people. NARRATOR: This is the true power of brands. They can influence our behavior in ways that extend way beyond the point of sale. So to what degree can the influence of brands wreak havoc on our ability to make rational spending decisions? This is your brain on money. This is Americus Reed. He studies identity and marketing at the University of Pennsylvania. AMERICUS REED II: When I make choices about different brands, I'm choosing to create an identity. When I put that shirt on, when I put those shoes on, those jeans, that hat, someone is going to form an impression about what I'm about. So if I'm choosing Nike over Under Armour, I'm choosing a kind of different way to express affiliation with sport. The Nike thing is about performance. The Under Armour thing is about the underdog. I have to choose which of these different conceptual pathways is most consistent with where I am in my life. NARRATOR: And once a consumer makes that choice, their relationship with a brand can deepen to the point where they identify with that brand like family. And once you identify with a brand, it can shape the way you behave. AMERICUS REED II: And it's really interesting because they will also, if someone talks bad about that product, brand, or service, they will be the first to go out and defend. Why? Because an attack on the brand is an attack on themselves. NARRATOR: Michael Platt is a professor of neuroscience, marketing, and psychology whose research demonstrates how our perception of brands influences our decisions. MICHAEL PLATT: There's an idea in marketing, which is that we relate to brands in the same way we relate to people. It's like, "I love this brand," or, "I hate this brand." Of course, what people say can often be different from what's really going on in their heads. So we thought, "Well, why don't we just ask the brain directly?" NARRATOR: Michael and his team observed the brains…