Practical Engineering VT Azimi

تقسیم اوقات امتحان برنامه های ماستری پوهنتون کابل د کابل پوهنتون ماسټرۍ برنامو ازموينې مهال وېش

Torsion:🤔🤔 What? Torsion refers to the twisting of a structural member that is loaded by couples (torque) that produce rotation about the member's longitudinal axis. In other words, the member is loaded in such a way that the stress resultant is a couple about the longitudinal axis and the response is a twisting motion about that axis. Torsional forces concurrently act with flexure & shear. If factored torsional moment is less than ¼ of cracking moment, torsion may be neglected. Torsion can be divided in to 2 types. 1.Equilibrium/primary torsion and👈 2. compatibility/secondary torsion.👈 Reduction of torsion: There is no provision for reduction of primary torsion. Secondary torsion can be reduced up to cracking moment. It shall be permitted to reduce the area of longitudinal torsion reinforcement in the flexural compression zone by an amount equal to, /(0.9 ), Mu df y where Mu occurs at the section simultaneously with Tu. Where?? Transverse reinforcement for torsion will be add with shear rebar. 50% Longitudinal torsional reinforcement will be added with top layer flexural rebar and 50% Longitudinal torsional reinforcement will be add with bottom layer flexural How??? Spacing: The spacing of transverse torsion reinforcement shall not exceed the smaller of Ph/8 or 300 mm.