UGC NET/JRF Psychology

💊Histamine Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter produced by basophils and is found in high concentrations in the blood. It is involved primarily in the inflammatory responses, as well as a range of other functions such as vasodilation, and regulation of the immune response to foreign bodies. For example, when allergens are introduced into the bloodstream, histamine assists in the fight against these microorganisms causing itching of the skin or irritations of the throat, nose and or lungs. It also plays a role in the wake/sleep cycle, by increasing wakefulness.

⭕️Leon festinger et al.'s when prophecy fails (1956) The most well known covert psychological observation was carried out by Leon festinger and his colleagues. In chicago, there was a religious cult that belived the world would end on 21 December. the belived that when the natural catastrophes began, they would be rescued by flying saucers, as long as they followed the prescribed rituals and read the sacred texts. they were also to remain isolated from all non-belivers. this made it very difficult for psychologists to study them. Festinger and his team decided to become cult members in order to carry out a participant observation. they remaind with the cult untill the fatefull day of 21 december-when nothing happened. festinger monitored the group members' doubt, debate, and rationalized what had taken place. the members of the cult, as part of maintaining their self-esteem, decided that god had not destroyed the world because of their prayers!

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Back to Basics What is cognitive psychology? 🔯What is cognition?  The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking and understanding  How we process info  The act of using these processes  Perception, memory, knowledge, language, skills, etc.  All of our knowledge drives perception 🔯Perception and memory interact with one another o All tied together o Memory – much higher order type of cognition (see it, pay attention & remember it)  Notes & highlighting good strategy (not just highlight) 🔯Knowledge is tied to memory – different kinds of memories (ex. episodic)  Knowledge – memory from information 🔯Cognitive psychology – the study of these processes  An experimental psychology  Focused on observable behavior in normal individuals  Younger adults & healthy  Use various approaches to study cognition  Computer modeling, cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience (relationship b/t cognitive functions & physiology), cognitive neuropsychology (study disordered populations; mental illness/brain injuries) man who mistook his wife for a hat.