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the Sleep Heart Health Study noted that long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) is associated with prevalent hypertension

SLEEP &HTN:_ *Both sleep deprivation and insomnia have been linked to increases in incidence and prevalence of hypertension *.Sleep alters autonomic nervous system function and other physiologic events that influence BP. Furthermore, sleep disorders alter the BP response and increase hypertension risk. *During normal sleep, there is a decrease in BP relative to wakefulness. This decrease is referred to as “nocturnal dipping” and partly is attributable to decreases in sympathetic output *Lack or diminished nocturnal dipping of BP is a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. *Many diseases are associated with diminished or absence of nocturnal dipping, including most secondary causes of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, older age, resistant hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). *large prospective studies have demonstrated that nocturnal BP is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than is daytime BP *.A metaanalysis of randomized trials of antihypertensive medications showed that a 10-mm Hg reduction in systolic BP or a 5-mm Hg reduction in diastolic BP reduces risk of coronary heart disease events by 22% and stroke by 41% *even small changes in BP, especially nocturnal BP, can alter cardiovascular risk significantly. Accordingly, disease processes related to sleep that may affect BP have the potential to alter cardiovascular morbidity and mortality substantially. *In the Sleep Heart Health Study, subjects sleeping ≤ 5 h/night had a higher frequency of prevalent hypertension *furthermore, the Sleep Heart Health Study noted that long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) is associated with prevalent hypertension

Most common cranial nerve affected by pitutary macroadeboma is 6TH.NERVE.

Most common extraadrenal site of pheocromocytoma is organ of zuckerkandl.

Most common cause of bilatrally enlarged,hyperecchoic kidneys in new born infants ADPKD

Most common cynotic cong.heart malformation beyond neonatal peroid is TOF.

Most common dislocation in Childrens is: ELBOW DISLOCATION.